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Minna no Nihongo, lesson 1

Lesson 1:

Lesson 1 of Minna no Nihongo, “Introductions”, teaches 8 grammar patterns, including , , , and 74 words. Here is every word with romaji and English, the grammar explained with examples, and 34 example sentences.

Updated

Grammar

N1 is N2

は marks the topic of the sentence: what you are talking about. As a particle it is pronounced "wa", not "ha". です ends a polite statement, a bit like "is / am / are". Japanese has no "a / the" and no plural, so がくせい can mean "a student", "the student" or "students".

  • Watashi wa Maria desu. I am Maria.
  • Watashi wa kaishain desu. I am a company employee.

N1 is not N2

じゃ ありません is the negative of です. In writing and formal speech you will also see では ありません (では is read "dewa").

  • Santosu-san wa gakusei ja arimasen. Mr. Santos is not a student.
  • Watashi wa gakusei ja arimasen. I am not a student.

Questions with か

Add か to the end of a sentence to make it a question. The word order does not change. Say it with a rising intonation. Answer with はい (yes) or いいえ (no). For a question-word question (だれ, なんさい), put the question word where the answer would go.

  • Miraa-san wa amerikajin desu ka. Is Mr. Miller American?
  • Hai, amerikajin desu. Yes, he is American.
  • Ano hito wa dare desu ka. Who is that person?

Also / too

も means "also". It replaces は when what you say about the topic is the same as something already said.

  • Miraa-san wa kaishain desu. Mr. Miller is a company employee.
  • Guputa-san mo kaishain desu. Mr. Gupta is also a company employee.

N2 of / at / belonging to N1

の joins two nouns: N1 describes N2. In Lesson 1 it shows which organisation someone belongs to. Note that the order is the reverse of English "a teacher at Sakura University".

  • Watto-san wa sakuradaigaku no sensei desu. Mr. Watt is a teacher at Sakura University.
  • Miraa-san wa IMC no shain desu. Mr. Miller is an employee of IMC.

Name suffixes

Add さん after someone else’s name (family or given) as a sign of respect. Never use it for yourself. Use ちゃん for small children and くん for boys. Teachers and doctors are called by name + せんせい.

  • Kochira wa Yamada-san desu. This is Mr. Yamada.
  • Tereeza-chan wa kyuusai desu. Teresa is nine years old.

Asking someone’s age

なんさい ですか asks "how old?". おいくつ ですか is more polite, so use it with adults you don’t know well. Answer with a number + さい. Watch the sound changes: 1 → いっさい, 8 → はっさい, 10 → じゅっさい, and 20 has a special word: はたち.

  • Oikutsu desu ka. How old are you? (polite)
  • Watashi wa nijuugosai desu. I am 25 years old.

Asking who someone is

あの ひと means "that person"; あの かた is the polite version. Likewise だれ means "who" and どなた is the polite version. Use the polite pair about people you should show respect to.

  • Ano hito wa dare desu ka. Who is that person?
  • Ano kata wa donata desu ka. Who is that person? (polite)

Vocabulary: 74 words

People & pronouns

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
watashi I
watashitachi we
anata youAvoid with people you know. Use their name + さん instead.
ano hito that person, he, she
ano kata that person (polite)Polite version of あの ひと.
minasan everyone, ladies and gentlemenUsed when speaking to a group, e.g. みなさん、はじめまして。
~san Mr. / Ms. (title of respect)Never used with your own name.
~chan suffix for childrenUsed instead of さん for kids.
~kun suffix for boys
~jin a national of ~ (-ian, -ese)e.g. アメリカじん = an American

Occupations

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
sensei teacher, doctor (title)Not used for your own job. Also a title: ワット先生.
kyoushi teacher, instructorUse this one for your own job.
gakusei student
kaishain company employee, office worker
shain employee of ~ companyUsed with a company name: IMCの しゃいん
ginkouin bank employee
isha medical doctor
kenkyuusha researcher, scholar
enjinia engineer

Places & things

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
daigaku university
byouin hospital
denki electricity, light

Questions & answers

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
dare who
donata who (polite)
~sai ~ years old
nansai how old
oikutsu how old (polite)
hai yes
iie no

Expressions

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
shitsurei desuga excuse me, but…Used before asking something personal, like a name.
onamae wa? may I have your name?
hajimemashite how do you do? (nice to meet you)Literally "I am meeting you for the first time." Always said first in an introduction.
douzo yoroshiku onegaishimasu pleased to meet youSaid at the end of a self-introduction.
kochira wa ~san desu this is Mr./Ms. ~
~kara kimashita I came from ~

Countries

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
amerika USA
igirisu UK
indo India
indoneshia Indonesia
kankoku South Korea
tai Thailand
chuugoku China
doitsu Germany
nihon Japan
burajiru Brazil
arumenia Armenia
roshia Russia
furansu France

Nationalities

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
amerikajin American
igirisujin British
indojin Indian
indoneshiajin Indonesian
kankokujin Korean
taijin Thai
chuugokujin Chinese
doitsujin German
nihonjin Japanese (person)
burajirujin Brazilian
arumeniajin Armenian

Daily greetings (intro)

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
ohayou gozaimasu good morning
konnichiwa good afternoon / helloThe final は is read "wa".
konbanwa good eveningThe final は is read "wa".
oyasuminasai good night
sayounara goodbye
arigatou gozaimasu thank you
sumimasen excuse me / I’m sorry
onegaishimasu please

Names in the book

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
Ai Emu Shii IMC (a computer software company)Fictional company used in the textbook's examples.
pawaadenki Power Electric (an electrical company)Fictional company used in the textbook's examples.
burajirueaa Brazil Air (an airline)Fictional airline used in the textbook's examples.
Ee Kee Shii AKC (a research institute)Fictional institute used in the textbook's examples.
koubebyouin Kobe Hospital
sakuradaigaku Sakura University
fujidaigaku Fuji University

Example sentences

  • Hajimemashite. How do you do? (Nice to meet you.)
  • Watashi wa Maria desu. I am Maria.
  • Amerika kara kimashita. I came from America.
  • Watashi wa nijuugosai desu. I am 25 years old.
  • Watashi wa amerikajin desu. I am American.
  • Douzo yoroshiku onegai shimasu. Pleased to meet you.
  • Watashi wa kaishain desu. I am a company employee.
  • Watashi wa gakusei ja arimasen. I am not a student.
  • Miraa-san wa kaishain desu. Mr. Miller is a company employee.
  • Santosu-san wa gakusei ja arimasen. Mr. Santos is not a student.
  • Miraa-san wa amerikajin desu ka. Is Mr. Miller American?
  • Hai, amerikajin desu. Yes, he is American.
  • Anata wa gakusei desu ka. Are you a student?
  • Iie, gakusei ja arimasen. No, I am not a student.
  • Karina-san wa indoneshiajin desu. Ms. Karina is Indonesian.
  • Ii-san wa chuugokujin desu ka. Is Ms. Lee Chinese?
  • Iie, chuugokujin ja arimasen. Kankokujin desu. No, she isn’t Chinese. She is Korean.
  • Santosu-san mo kaishain desu. Mr. Santos is also a company employee.
  • Tawapon-san mo gakusei desu. Mr. Thawaphon is also a student.
  • Watto-san wa sakuradaigaku no sensei desu. Mr. Watt is a teacher at Sakura University.
  • Shumitto-san wa pawaadenki no enjinia desu. Mr. Schmidt is an engineer at Power Electric.
  • Wan-san wa koubebyouin no isha desu. Mr. Wang is a doctor at Kobe Hospital.
  • Ano hito wa dare desu ka. Who is that person?
  • Ano kata wa donata desu ka. Who is that person? (polite)
  • Ano hito wa Wan-san desu. That person is Mr. Wang.
  • Nansai desu ka. How old are you?
  • Oikutsu desu ka. How old are you? (polite)
  • Tereeza-chan wa nansai desu ka. How old is Teresa?
  • Tereeza-chan wa kyuusai desu. Teresa is nine years old.
  • Onamae wa? What is your name?
  • Shitsurei desuga, onamae wa? Excuse me, but what is your name?
  • Kochira wa Yamada-san desu. This is Mr. Yamada.
  • Guputa-san wa indo kara kimashita. Mr. Gupta came from India.
  • Hajimemashite. Maria desu. Amerika kara kimashita. Douzo yoroshiku. Nice to meet you. I’m Maria. I came from America. Pleased to meet you.

Conversations to practise

In the app you play one of the speakers and choose what to say, line by line, with natural Japanese voices.

  • First day at workYour colleague Yamada introduces you to Dr. Wang.
  • At the universityYou meet a student at Fuji University. A teacher walks past.

Practise lesson 1

Flashcards, spelling with kana tiles, sentence building and conversations. Free, no sign-up needed.

Start lesson 1