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Minna no Nihongo, lesson 2

Lesson 2:

Lesson 2 of Minna no Nihongo, “This and that”, teaches 7 grammar patterns, including , , , and 51 words. Here is every word with romaji and English, the grammar explained with examples, and 33 example sentences.

Updated

Grammar

This, that and that over there

これ, それ and あれ point at things and stand on their own like nouns. これ is near the speaker, それ is near the listener, and あれ is far from both. So when someone asks about これ (near them), you answer with それ.

  • Kore wa jisho desu. This is a dictionary.
  • Sore wa nan desu ka. What is that?
  • Sore wa tokei desu. That's a watch.

This ~, that ~

この, その and あの work like これ, それ and あれ, but they can't stand alone: a noun always follows. Compare これは ほんです (this is a book) with この ほんは わたしのです (this book is mine).

  • Kono hon wa watashi no desu. This book is mine.
  • Ano kuruma wa wattosensei no desu. That car over there is Mr. Watt's.

Yes, it is / No, it isn't

To answer a yes-or-no question about what something is, you can say はい、そうです (yes, it is) instead of repeating the noun. For no, say いいえ、ちがいます (no, it isn't; literally "it's different"), often followed by the correct answer.

  • Kore wa boorupen desu ka. Is this a ballpoint pen?
  • Hai, sou desu. Yes, it is.
  • Iie, chigaimasu. No, it isn't.

This or that? (choice questions)

Put two questions side by side to ask which one is true. Don't answer with はい or いいえ: just say the right one.

  • Sore wa shaapupenshiru desu ka, boorupen desu ka. Is that a mechanical pencil or a ballpoint pen?
  • Shaapupenshiru desu. It's a mechanical pencil.

の for "about" and "whose"

In Lesson 1, の showed where someone works. Here N1 can also say what N2 is about (コンピューターの ざっし, a computer magazine) or who owns it (わたしの かさ, my umbrella). Ask with なんの (what kind of) and だれの (whose).

  • Kore wa nan no zasshi desu ka. What is this magazine about?
  • Konpyuutaa no zasshi desu. It's a computer magazine.
  • Sore wa watashi no kasa desu. That is my umbrella.

Mine, yours, Ms. Sato's

When it is clear what you are talking about, drop the second noun: わたしの (mine), さとうさんの (Ms. Sato's). Only do this for things, not people: ワットせんせいは さくらだいがくの せんせいです can't become …さくらだいがくのです.

  • Are wa dare no kaban desu ka. Whose bag is that (over there)?
  • Satou-san no desu. It's Ms. Sato's.
  • Kono hon wa watashi no desu. This book is mine.

I see

そうですか with a falling intonation means "I see" or "oh, really": you've taken in new information. It is not a question, even though it ends in か.

  • Iie, chigaimasu. Shumitto-san no desu. No, it isn't. It's Mr. Schmidt's.
  • Sou desu ka. I see.

Vocabulary: 51 words

This & that

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
kore this (thing near me)
sore that (thing near you)
are that (thing over there)For things far from both the speaker and the listener.
kono ~ this ~ (near me)Always followed by a noun: この ほん.
sono ~ that ~ (near you)Always followed by a noun: その かさ.
ano ~ that ~ (over there)Always followed by a noun: あの かばん.

Books & stationery

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
hon book
jisho dictionary
zasshi magazine
shinbun newspaper
nooto notebook
techou personal organizer, planner
meishi business card
kaado card
enpitsu pencil
boorupen ballpoint pen
shaapupenshiru mechanical pencil

Belongings & furniture

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
kagi key
tokei watch, clock
kasa umbrella
kaban bag, briefcase
kuruma car
tsukue desk
isu chair

Electronics

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
shiidii CD, compact disc
terebi television
rajio radio
kamera camera
konpyuutaa computer

Food & gifts

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
chokoreeto chocolate
koohii coffee
omiyage souvenir, presentA gift you bring back from a trip or bring when visiting. お makes the word sound polite.

Languages

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
eigo the English language
nihongo the Japanese language
~go ~ languageCountry name + ご: ちゅうごくご (Chinese), ドイツご (German).
roshiago the Russian language
arumeniago the Armenian language

Questions & answers

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
nan whatRead なん before です, の and counters; なに in most other places (なにご = what language).
nanigo what language
sou so, that's right
sou desu yes, it is / that's right
chigaimasu no, it isn't / you're wrong
sou desuka I see

Expressions

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
anou well, um… (hesitating politely)
e' what? oh? (surprise)
a oh! (noticing something)
douzo here you are; please (go ahead)Said when offering something.
doumo arigatou gozaimasu thank you very much
korekara osewani narimasu I hope I can count on your kindness from now onSaid when you start living or working with new people.
kochirakoso yoroshiku pleased to meet you, tooThe reply to どうぞ よろしく.
honno kimochi desu it's just a small token (of my gratitude)A modest phrase used when giving a present.

Example sentences

  • Kore wa jisho desu. This is a dictionary.
  • Sore wa watashi no kasa desu. That is my umbrella.
  • Kore wa watashi no meishi desu. This is my business card.
  • Kono hon wa watashi no desu. This book is mine.
  • Kono jisho wa Miraa-san no desu. This dictionary is Mr. Miller's.
  • Kore wa eigo no hon desu. This is an English book.
  • Kore wa nihon no omiyage desu. This is a souvenir from Japan.
  • Kore wa amerika no omiyage desu. This is a souvenir from America.
  • Are wa dare no kaban desu ka. Whose bag is that (over there)?
  • Satou-san no desu. It's Ms. Sato's.
  • Kore wa boorupen desu ka. Is this a ballpoint pen?
  • Hai, sou desu. Yes, it is.
  • Iie, chigaimasu. No, it isn't.
  • Sore wa shaapupenshiru desu ka, boorupen desu ka. Is that a mechanical pencil or a ballpoint pen?
  • Shaapupenshiru desu. It's a mechanical pencil.
  • Kore wa nan no zasshi desu ka. What is this magazine about?
  • Konpyuutaa no zasshi desu. It's a computer magazine.
  • Sore wa nan desu ka. What is that?
  • Meishi desu. It's a business card.
  • Kore wa nan desu ka. What is this?
  • Sore wa tokei desu. That's a watch.
  • Kono kasa wa Maria-san no desu ka. Is this umbrella yours, Maria?
  • Iie, chigaimasu. Shumitto-san no desu. No, it isn't. It's Mr. Schmidt's.
  • Are wa nanigo no shinbun desu ka. What language is that newspaper in?
  • Nihongo no shinbun desu. It's a Japanese newspaper.
  • Sono tokei wa dare no desu ka. Whose is that watch?
  • Yamada-san no desu. It's Mr. Yamada's.
  • Ano kuruma wa wattosensei no desu. That car over there is Mr. Watt's.
  • Korekara osewa ni narimasu. I hope I can count on your kindness from now on.
  • Kochira koso yoroshiku onegai shimasu. Pleased to meet you, too.
  • Anou, kore, honno kimochi desu. Um, this is just a small token of my gratitude.
  • Koohii desu. Douzo. It's coffee. Here you are.
  • Sou desu ka. I see.

Conversations to practise

In the app you play one of the speakers and choose what to say, line by line, with natural Japanese voices.

  • A small gift for the neighbourYou've just moved into flat 408. You knock on your neighbour Mr. Yamada's door with a present.
  • Whose is this?After a meeting, your colleague Ms. Sato is tidying up the room.
  • Pen or pencil?Mr. Miller needs something to write with and points at what's on your desk.

Practise lesson 2

Flashcards, spelling with kana tiles, sentence building and conversations. Free, no sign-up needed.

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