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Minna no Nihongo, lesson 3

Lesson 3:

Lesson 3 of Minna no Nihongo, “Where is it? How much?”, teaches 9 grammar patterns, including , , , and 49 words. Here is every word with romaji and English, the grammar explained with examples, and 37 example sentences.

Updated

Grammar

Here, there and over there

ここ, そこ and あそこ point at places, the way これ, それ and あれ point at things. ここ is where the speaker is, そこ is where the listener is, and あそこ is far from both. When you and the listener stand together, ここ is the place you share, そこ is a little way off and あそこ is further away.

  • Koko wa kyoushitsu desu. This is the classroom.
  • Soko wa toire desu. That (near you) is the toilet.
  • Asoko wa shokudou desu. That place over there is the canteen.

Saying where something is

Put a thing, place or person before は and the place after it to say where it is. The same pattern works for a room (かいぎしつ), a floor (さんがい) or a pointing word (あそこ).

  • Erebeetaa wa asoko desu. The lift is over there.
  • Miraa-san wa kaigishitsu desu. Mr. Miller is in the meeting room.
  • Uketsuke wa ikkai desu. Reception is on the ground floor.

Asking where

To ask where something is, put どこ (where) in the place of the answer. The answer keeps the same shape: トイレは どこですか, (トイレは) あそこです. You can leave out the topic in the answer, since both of you know it.

  • Toire wa doko desu ka. Where is the toilet?
  • Asoko desu. It's over there.
  • Shokudou wa doko desu ka. Where is the canteen?

Polite "here" and "which way"

こちら, そちら, あちら and どちら are the polite versions of ここ, そこ, あそこ and どこ, and they also mean "this way", "that way" and "which way". Shop and office staff use them with customers, and you'll sound polite using them too.

  • Otearai wa dochira desu ka. Where is the restroom? (polite)
  • Achira desu. It's that way.

Asking someone's country or company

どちら also asks "which one" when the answer is a country or an organisation. おくには どちらですか asks which country someone is from, and かいしゃは どちらですか which company they work for. Answer with the name. (どこ works too, but どちら is more polite.)

  • Okuni wa dochira desu ka. Which country are you from?
  • Amerika desu. America.
  • Kaisha wa dochira desu ka. Which company do you work for?
  • Aiemushii desu. IMC.

Where something is made

Put a country or company before の to say where something is made: にほんの くるま (a Japanese car), スイスの とけい (a Swiss watch). Ask with どこの (made where?). Don't confuse it with なにご, which asks about a language.

  • Kore wa doko no tokei desu ka. Where is this watch from?
  • Suisu no tokei desu. It's a Swiss watch.
  • Nihon no kuruma desu. It's a Japanese car.

Asking the price

いくら means "how much". Answer with a number + えん (yen). Big numbers go in steps of ひゃく (100), せん (1,000) and まん (10,000): 2,500 is にせん ごひゃく, 12,000 is いちまん にせん. Watch the sound changes: さんびゃく (300), ろっぴゃく (600), はっぴゃく (800), さんぜん (3,000), はっせん (8,000). 100 and 1,000 are just ひゃく and せん, but 10,000 is いちまん.

  • Kono nekutai wa ikura desu ka. How much is this tie?
  • Sanzenen desu. It's 3,000 yen.
  • Ichimannisenen desu. It's 12,000 yen.

Floors

Count floors with かい and ask with なんがい (which floor). Some numbers change sound: いっかい (1), さんがい (3), ろっかい (6), はっかい (8), じゅっかい (10). The ground floor is いっかい, and basement floors start with ちか: ちか いっかい.

  • Kaigishitsu wa nangai desu ka. Which floor is the meeting room on?
  • Sangai desu. It's on the third floor.
  • Chika ikkai desu. It's on the first basement floor.

Shopping phrases

Two set phrases for shops: N を みせて ください (please show me N) and N を ください (I'll take N). For now, learn them as fixed phrases; を and the ください form come back in later lessons.

  • Sono wain o misete kudasai. Please show me that wine.
  • Ja, kore o kudasai. Well then, I'll take this one.

Vocabulary: 49 words

Here & there

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
koko here, this place
soko there, that place (near you)
asoko that place over thereFor places far from both the speaker and the listener.
doko where, what place
kochira this way, here (polite)The polite form of ここ. Also means "this direction".
sochira that way, there (polite)The polite form of そこ.
achira that way over there (polite)The polite form of あそこ.
dochira where, which way (polite)The polite form of どこ. Also asks which country or company: おくには どちらですか.

Rooms & places in a building

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
kyoushitsu classroom
shokudou canteen, dining hall
jimusho office
kaigishitsu meeting room
uketsuke reception desk
robii lobby
heya room
toire toilet, restroom
otearai toilet, restroom (polite)A more polite word than トイレ.
kaidan stairs
erebeetaa lift, elevator
esukareetaa escalator
jidouhanbaiki vending machine
denwa telephone

Country, company & home

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
kuni country
okuni (your) country (polite)お makes it polite. Use it for someone else's country, never your own.
kaisha company
uchi house, home

Shopping

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
kutsu shoes
nekutai necktie
wain wine
uriba counter, department (in a shop)Goes after what is sold: くつ うりば (shoe department).
chika basementちか いっかい is the first basement floor.

Floors, prices & numbers

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
~kai ~th floorWatch the sound changes: いっかい (1st), さんがい (3rd), ろっかい (6th), はっかい (8th), じゅっかい (10th). In Japan the ground floor is いっかい.
nangai which floorWith が, like さんがい.
~en ~ yen
ikura how much (price)
hyaku hundred300 さんびゃく, 600 ろっぴゃく, 800 はっぴゃく.
sen thousand1,000 is just せん. 3,000 さんぜん, 8,000 はっせん.
man ten thousand10,000 is いちまん, never just まん. 20,000 is にまん.

Expressions

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
doumo thanksA short, casual way to say どうも ありがとう ございます.
irasshaimase welcome! (may I help you?)Said by shop and restaurant staff to customers. You don't answer it.
~ o misete kudasai please show me ~
ja well then
~ o kudasai I'll have ~, please give me ~Said when you decide to buy something: これを ください.

Places in the book

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
itaria Italy
suisu Switzerland
jakaruta Jakarta
bankoku Bangkok
berurin Berlin
shinoosaka Shin-Osaka (a station in Osaka)

Example sentences

  • Koko wa kyoushitsu desu. This is the classroom.
  • Soko wa toire desu. That (near you) is the toilet.
  • Asoko wa shokudou desu. That place over there is the canteen.
  • Koko wa watashi no heya desu. This is my room.
  • Toire wa doko desu ka. Where is the toilet?
  • Asoko desu. It's over there.
  • Otearai wa dochira desu ka. Where is the restroom? (polite)
  • Achira desu. It's that way. (polite)
  • Erebeetaa wa asoko desu. The lift is over there.
  • Shokudou wa doko desu ka. Where is the canteen?
  • Chika ikkai desu. It's on the first basement floor.
  • Miraa-san wa doko desu ka. Where is Mr. Miller?
  • Kaigishitsu desu. He's in the meeting room.
  • Yamada-san wa jimusho desu. Mr. Yamada is in the office.
  • Kaigishitsu wa nangai desu ka. Which floor is the meeting room on?
  • Sangai desu. It's on the third floor.
  • Uketsuke wa ikkai desu. Reception is on the ground floor.
  • Jidouhanbaiki wa robii desu. The vending machine is in the lobby.
  • Okuni wa dochira desu ka. Which country are you from?
  • Amerika desu. America.
  • Kaisha wa dochira desu ka. Which company do you work for?
  • Aiemushii desu. IMC.
  • Sore wa doko no kuruma desu ka. Where is that car made?
  • Nihon no kuruma desu. It's a Japanese car.
  • Kore wa doko no tokei desu ka. Where is this watch from?
  • Suisu no tokei desu. It's a Swiss watch.
  • Kono nekutai wa ikura desu ka. How much is this tie?
  • Sanzenen desu. It's 3,000 yen.
  • Sono kutsu wa ikura desu ka. How much are those shoes?
  • Ichimannisenen desu. They're 12,000 yen.
  • Wain uriba wa doko desu ka. Where is the wine department?
  • Irasshaimase. Welcome! May I help you?
  • Sono wain o misete kudasai. Please show me that wine.
  • Hai, douzo. Certainly. Here you are.
  • Kore wa furansu no wain desu ka. Is this French wine?
  • Iie, itaria no desu. No, it's Italian.
  • Ja, kore o kudasai. Well then, I'll take this one.

Conversations to practise

In the app you play one of the speakers and choose what to say, line by line, with natural Japanese voices.

  • At receptionYou arrive at IMC for a meeting and stop at the reception desk in the lobby.
  • Which floor?You walk into a department store looking for wine and new shoes.
  • I'll take this oneAt the wine counter, a bottle on the shelf behind the assistant catches your eye.

Practise lesson 3

Flashcards, spelling with kana tiles, sentence building and conversations. Free, no sign-up needed.

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