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Minna no Nihongo, lesson 11

Lesson 11:

Lesson 11 of Minna no Nihongo, “How many? How long? Counting things and time”, teaches 7 grammar patterns, including , , , and 63 words. Here is every word with romaji and English, the grammar explained with examples, and 37 example sentences.

Updated

Grammar

Counting things: ひとつ, ふたつ, みっつ

Things without a counter of their own are counted ひとつ, ふたつ, みっつ up to とお (ten); from 11 on, plain numbers are used. The amount goes straight before the verb, with no particle: りんごを よっつ ください. Ask with いくつ.

  • Ringo o yottsu kudasai. Four apples, please.
  • Mikan o ikutsu kaimashita ka. How many mandarins did you buy?
  • Yattsu kaimashita. I bought eight.

Counters: people, machines, flat things

Many things have their own counter after the number: 〜にん for people (but ひとり and ふたり for one and two), 〜だい for machines and cars, 〜まい for flat things like paper, stamps and shirts. Ask with なん and the counter: なんにん.

  • Hachijuuen no kitte o gomai kudasai. Five 80-yen stamps, please.
  • Jimusho ni konpyuutaa ga sandai arimasu. There are three computers in the office.
  • Kono kurasu ni ryuugakusei ga nannin imasu ka. How many international students are in this class?

Family you have: こどもが ふたり います

います also says what family you have. The person takes が, and the number comes after it: こどもが ふたり います (I have two children). To ask, say きょうだいが いますか.

  • Kodomo ga futari imasu. I have two children.
  • Kyoudai ga imasu ka. Do you have any brothers or sisters?
  • Ani ga hitori to imouto ga futari imasu. I have an older brother and two younger sisters.

How long: 〜じかん, 〜しゅうかん, 〜かげつ, 〜ねん

A length of time goes before the verb, with no particle: まいにち はちじかん はたらきます. Ask with どのくらい. かかります says how long something takes: にじかん かかります.

  • Mainichi hachijikan hatarakimasu. I work eight hours every day.
  • Toukyou kara oosaka made shinkansen de donokurai kakarimasu ka. How long does it take from Tokyo to Osaka by Shinkansen?
  • Nihongo o sankagetsu benkyoushimashita. I studied Japanese for three months.

How often: いっしゅうかんに にかい

Say the period, then に, then how many times: いっしゅうかんに にかい (twice a week), いっかげつに いっかい (once a month). Ask with なんかい.

  • Isshuukan ni nankai eiga o mimasu ka. How many times a week do you see a film?
  • Nikai mimasu. Twice.
  • Ikkagetsu ni ikkai kuni no kazoku ni denwa o kakemasu. I call my family back home once a month.

About, only, altogether: ぐらい, だけ, ぜんぶで

ぐらい after an amount means about: にかげつぐらい. だけ means only: いっしゅうかんだけ. ぜんぶで gives the total: ぜんぶで いくらですか.

  • Nikagetsu gurai kakarimasu. About two months.
  • Yasumi wa isshuukan dake desu. The holiday is only a week.
  • Zenbude ikura desu ka. How much is it altogether?

Going out: おでかけですか

Neighbours greet you with いい おてんきですね and おでかけですか. A light answer is ちょっと, the place and まで. When someone goes out, say いって いらっしゃい; the one leaving says いって まいります.

  • Ii otenki desu ne. Odekake desu ka. Lovely weather, isn't it? Are you going out?
  • Ee, chotto yuubinkyoku made. Yes, just to the post office.
  • Itte irasshai. See you later.

Vocabulary: 63 words

Verbs

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
imasu have (children, siblings); be, stayこどもが ふたり います (I have two children). にほんに いちねん います (I'll be in Japan for a year).
kakarimasu take (time or money)How long or how much it takes: いちじかん かかります.

Counting things

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
hitotsu one (thing)For things that have no counter of their own: りんごを ひとつ ください. From 11 on, plain numbers are used: じゅういち.
futatsu two (things)
mittsu three (things)
yottsu four (things)
itsutsu five (things)
muttsu six (things)
nanatsu seven (things)
yattsu eight (things)
kokonotsu nine (things)
too ten (things)
ikutsu how many (things)Also how old, politely: おいくつですか (lesson 1).

Counting people

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
hitori one personひとりで (lesson 5) is alone, by yourself.
futari two people
~nin ~ peopleFrom three on: さんにん, よにん (4), ごにん. One and two are ひとり and ふたり.
nannin how many people

Counters

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
~dai ~ (machines, cars)For cars, computers and other machines: くるまが にだい あります.
~mai ~ (flat things: paper, stamps, shirts)For thin, flat things: きってを さんまい ください.
~kai ~ timesHow often: いっしゅうかんに にかい (twice a week). The sound changes are the same as for floors: いっかい, ろっかい, はっかい, じゅっかい.
nankai how many times

How long

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
~jikan ~ hour(s)The hours are read like the clock: よじかん (4 hours), しちじかん (7), くじかん (9).
~shuukan ~ week(s)Watch the sound changes: いっしゅうかん, はっしゅうかん, じゅっしゅうかん.
~kagetsu ~ month(s)〜がつ names a month (さんがつ is March); 〜かげつ counts them (さんかげつ is three months). いっかげつ, ろっかげつ, はっかげつ, じゅっかげつ.
~nen ~ year(s)The same word names a year (lesson 5). Four years is よねん.
donokurai how long, how muchどのくらい かかりますか (how long does it take?).
~gurai about ~After an amount: にじかんぐらい (about two hours).

Amounts

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
zenbude in total, altogether
minna everyone, all
~dake only ~After the amount or the thing: ひとりだけ (just one person).

Food

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
ringo apple
mikan mandarin orange
sandoitchi sandwich
kareeraisu curry and rice
aisukuriimu ice cream

At the post office

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
kitte postage stamp
hagaki postcard
fuutou envelope
sokutatsu express mail
kakitome registered mail
eameeru airmail
koukuubin airmail (at the post office)The word the post office uses. エアメール means the same.
funabin sea mail

Family

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
ryoushin parents
kyoudai brothers and sisters
ani (my) older brotherFor your own family, like ちち and はは. Someone else's is おにいさん.
oniisan (someone's) older brother
ane (my) older sister
oneesan (someone's) older sister
otouto (my) younger brother
otoutosan (someone's) younger brother
imouto (my) younger sister
imoutosan (someone's) younger sister

Other words

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
gaikoku foreign country, abroad
ryuugakusei international student
kurasu class

Expressions

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
ii otenki desune lovely weather, isn't it?
odekake desuka are you going out?
chotto ~ made just to ~ (where you're going)A friendly answer that doesn't go into detail: ちょっと ゆうびんきょくまで.
itte irasshai see you later (to someone going out)
itte mairimasu I'm off, see you later (as you go out)

Places in the book

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
oosaka Osaka
oosutoraria Australia

Example sentences

  • Ringo o yottsu kudasai. Four apples, please.
  • Mikan o ikutsu kaimashita ka. How many mandarins did you buy?
  • Yattsu kaimashita. I bought eight.
  • Aisukuriimu o futatsu to sandoitchi o mittsu kudasai. Two ice creams and three sandwiches, please.
  • Hachijuuen no kitte o gomai kudasai. Five 80-yen stamps, please.
  • Fuutou mo ichimai kudasai. And one envelope, please.
  • Jimusho ni konpyuutaa ga sandai arimasu. There are three computers in the office.
  • Kono kurasu ni ryuugakusei ga nannin imasu ka. How many international students are in this class?
  • Gonin imasu. There are five.
  • Kyoudai ga imasu ka. Do you have any brothers or sisters?
  • Ani ga hitori to imouto ga futari imasu. I have an older brother and two younger sisters.
  • Imouto ga hitori imasu. I have a younger sister.
  • Kodomo ga futari imasu. I have two children.
  • Nihon ni donokurai imasu ka. How long will you be in Japan?
  • Ichinen imasu. For a year.
  • Toukyou kara oosaka made shinkansen de donokurai kakarimasu ka. How long does it take from Tokyo to Osaka by Shinkansen?
  • Nijikan gurai kakarimasu. About two hours.
  • Isshuukan ni nankai eiga o mimasu ka. How many times a week do you see a film?
  • Nikai mimasu. Twice.
  • Ikkagetsu ni ikkai kuni no kazoku ni denwa o kakemasu. I call my family back home once a month.
  • Mainichi hachijikan hatarakimasu. I work eight hours every day.
  • Nihongo o sankagetsu benkyoushimashita. I studied Japanese for three months.
  • Uchi kara eki made aruite juppun kakarimasu. It's a ten-minute walk from my house to the station.
  • Yasumi wa isshuukan dake desu. The holiday is only a week.
  • Zenbude ikura desu ka. How much is it altogether?
  • Zenbude senen desu. It's 1,000 yen altogether.
  • Kazoku wa minna genki desu. Everyone in my family is well.
  • Ii otenki desu ne. Odekake desu ka. Lovely weather, isn't it? Are you going out?
  • Ee, chotto yuubinkyoku made. Yes, just to the post office.
  • Itte irasshai. See you later.
  • Itte mairimasu. I'm off.
  • Kore, oosutoraria made onegaishimasu. I'd like to send this to Australia, please.
  • Funabin desu ka, koukuubin desu ka. By sea or by air?
  • Koukuubin de onegaishimasu. By air, please.
  • Funabin de donokurai kakarimasu ka. How long does it take by sea?
  • Nikagetsu gurai kakarimasu. About two months.
  • Kono tegami, sokutatsu de onegaishimasu. This letter by express mail, please.

Conversations to practise

In the app you play one of the speakers and choose what to say, line by line, with natural Japanese voices.

  • At the post officeYou're sending a parcel to Australia.
  • Going outOn your way out, you meet the building manager.
  • Your familyMr. Yamada asks about your family.

Practise lesson 11

Flashcards, spelling with kana tiles, sentence building and conversations. Free, no sign-up needed.

Start lesson 11