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Minna no Nihongo, lesson 4

Lesson 4:

Lesson 4 of Minna no Nihongo, “What time is it? When are you open?”, teaches 8 grammar patterns, including , , , and 63 words. Here is every word with romaji and English, the grammar explained with examples, and 34 example sentences.

Updated

Grammar

Telling the time

Say the hour with じ and the minutes with ふん or ぷん. Learn the odd ones: よじ (4), しちじ (7), くじ (9), and いっぷん, さんぷん, よんぷん, ろっぷん, はっぷん, じゅっぷん. Half past is はん: くじはん. Put ごぜん (a.m.) or ごご (p.m.) before the time. Ask with なんじ (what time) and なんぷん (how many minutes).

  • Ima nanji desu ka. What time is it now?
  • Yoji gofun desu. It's five past four.
  • Gozen kujihan desu. It's half past nine in the morning.

Verbs: ます and ません

A polite verb ends in ます. It talks about habits (まいあさ ろくじに おきます, I get up at six every morning) and about the future (あした はたらきます, I'll work tomorrow). For the negative, change ます to ません. Add か to ask a question; answer with the verb: はい、はたらきます / いいえ、はたらきません.

  • Mainichi benkyoushimasu. I study every day.
  • Ashita hatarakimasu ka. Are you working tomorrow?
  • Iie, hatarakimasen. No, I'm not.

The past: ました and ませんでした

For the past, change ます to ました. The past negative is ませんでした. Answer a past question in the past: きのう べんきょうしましたか, はい、べんきょうしました or いいえ、べんきょうしませんでした.

  • Kinou benkyoushimashita ka. Did you study yesterday?
  • Hai, benkyoushimashita. Yes, I did.
  • Iie, benkyoushimasendeshita. No, I didn't.

At a time: に

Put に after a clock time to say when something happens: ろくじに おきます. Words that count from today, like きょう, あした, きのう, けさ, まいあさ and いま, take no に. After a day of the week, に is optional.

  • Rokuji ni okimasu. I get up at six.
  • Kesa shichiji ni okimashita. I got up at seven this morning.
  • Ashita hatarakimasu. I'll work tomorrow.

From … until …

から means "from" and まで "until". Use them with a verb (くじから ごじまで はたらきます) or straight before です to give opening hours: ぎんこうは くじから さんじまでです. You can also use just one: えいがは しちじはんからです.

  • Kuji kara goji made hatarakimasu. I work from nine to five.
  • Ginkou wa nanji kara nanji made desu ka. What are the bank's opening hours?
  • Kuji kara sanji made desu. From nine to three.

And: と

と joins two nouns: どようびと にちようび (Saturday and Sunday). It only joins nouns, never two sentences.

  • Yasumi wa doyoubi to nichiyoubi desu. The days off are Saturday and Sunday.

Showing sympathy: ね

ね at the end of a sentence asks the listener to agree, or shows that you feel for them. When a friend says they work until ten every night, answer たいへんですね (that must be hard).

  • Mainichi juuji made hatarakimasu. I work until ten every day.
  • Taihen desu ne. That must be hard.

Phone numbers

Ask for a number with なんばん (what number). Say a phone number digit by digit and read the dash as の. 0 is ぜろ or れい.

  • Denwa bangou wa nanban desu ka. What's the phone number?
  • Gohachini no ichirokusanzero desu. It's 582-1630.

Vocabulary: 63 words

Verbs

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
okimasu get up, wake up
nemasu go to bed, sleep
hatarakimasu work
yasumimasu rest, take a day off
benkyoushimasu study
owarimasu finish, end

Telling the time

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
ima now
~ji ~ o'clockThree hours have their own readings: よじ (4), しちじ (7) and くじ (9).
~fun ~ minute(s)After 1, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 10 it becomes ぷん: いっぷん, さんぷん, よんぷん, ろっぷん, はっぷん, じゅっぷん.
han half (past)Goes straight after the hour: くじはん is half past nine.
nanji what time
nanpun how many minutes
gozen a.m., in the morningGoes before the time: ごぜん くじ is 9 a.m.
gogo p.m., in the afternoonGoes before the time: ごご さんじ is 3 p.m.

Morning, noon & night

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
asa morning
hiru daytime, noon
ban evening
yoru night
maiasa every morning
maiban every evening, every night
kesa this morning
konban this evening, tonight

Yesterday, today & tomorrow

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
ototoi the day before yesterday
kinou yesterday
kyou today
ashita tomorrow
asatte the day after tomorrow
mainichi every day

Days of the week

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
getsuyoubi Monday
kayoubi Tuesday
suiyoubi Wednesday
mokuyoubi Thursday
kinyoubi Friday
doyoubi Saturday
nichiyoubi Sunday
nanyoubi what day of the week

Places in town

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
depaato department store
ginkou bank
yuubinkyoku post office
toshokan library
bijutsukan art museum

Work, study & free time

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
yasumi rest, holiday, day off
hiruyasumi lunch break
shiken exam
kaigi meeting
eiga film, movie
bangou numberでんわ ばんごう is a phone number.
nanban what number

From, until & and

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
~ kara from ~
~ made until ~, to ~
~ to ~ ~ and ~Joins nouns only: どようびと にちようび.

Expressions

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
taihen desune that must be hardSaid in sympathy when someone tells you about something tiring or difficult.
eeto well, let me see
kashikomarimashita certainly (said by staff)A very polite "I understand", used by shop and office staff to customers.
doumo arigatou gozaimashita thank you very much (for what you did)The past form: thanks for help someone has just given you.

Places in the book

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
nyuuyooku New York
pekin Beijing
rondon London
rosanzerusu Los Angeles
yamato bijutsukan Yamato Art Museum
oosaka depaato Osaka Department Store
midori toshokan Midori Library
appuru ginkou Apple Bank

Example sentences

  • Ima nanji desu ka. What time is it now?
  • Yoji gofun desu. It's five past four.
  • Kujihan desu. It's half past nine.
  • Shichiji juppun desu. It's ten past seven.
  • Nyuuyooku wa ima nanji desu ka. What time is it in New York now?
  • Gozen yoji desu. It's 4 a.m.
  • Maiasa nanji ni okimasu ka. What time do you get up every morning?
  • Rokuji ni okimasu. I get up at six.
  • Maiban juuichiji ni nemasu. I go to bed at eleven every night.
  • Kuji kara goji made hatarakimasu. I work from nine to five.
  • Mainichi benkyoushimasu. I study every day.
  • Ashita hatarakimasu ka. Are you working tomorrow?
  • Iie, hatarakimasen. No, I'm not.
  • Kinou benkyoushimashita ka. Did you study yesterday?
  • Hai, benkyoushimashita. Yes, I did.
  • Iie, benkyoushimasendeshita. No, I didn't.
  • Kesa nanji ni okimashita ka. What time did you get up this morning?
  • Shichiji ni okimashita. I got up at seven.
  • Ginkou wa nanji kara nanji made desu ka. What are the bank's opening hours?
  • Kuji kara sanji made desu. From nine to three.
  • Yasumi wa nanyoubi desu ka. Which day are you closed?
  • Doyoubi to nichiyoubi desu. Saturday and Sunday.
  • Hiruyasumi wa nanji kara nanji made desu ka. When is the lunch break?
  • Juuniji kara ichiji made desu. From twelve to one.
  • Shiken wa nanyoubi desu ka. What day is the exam?
  • Kinyoubi desu. It's on Friday.
  • Kaigi wa nanji ni owarimasu ka. What time does the meeting finish?
  • Yojihan ni owarimasu. It finishes at half past four.
  • Eiga wa nanji kara desu ka. What time does the film start?
  • Shichijihan kara desu. From half past seven.
  • Denwa bangou wa nanban desu ka. What's the phone number?
  • Gohachini no ichirokusanzero desu. It's 582-1630.
  • Mainichi juuji made hatarakimasu. I work until ten every day.
  • Taihen desu ne. That must be hard.

Conversations to practise

In the app you play one of the speakers and choose what to say, line by line, with natural Japanese voices.

  • Calling the museumYou want to visit the Yamato Art Museum, so you phone to ask when it's open.
  • What time do you get up?Over lunch, your colleague Mr. Yamada asks about your day.
  • Is the bank still open?You need to go to Apple Bank today, so you ask Ms. Sato at the office.

Practise lesson 4

Flashcards, spelling with kana tiles, sentence building and conversations. Free, no sign-up needed.

Start lesson 4