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Minna no Nihongo, lesson 5

Lesson 5:

Lesson 5 of Minna no Nihongo, “Going places: when, how and with whom”, teaches 8 grammar patterns, including , , , and 65 words. Here is every word with romaji and English, the grammar explained with examples, and 35 example sentences.

Updated

Grammar

Going somewhere: へ

With a verb of movement, へ marks where you are going: がっこうへ いきます (I go to school). It is written へ but read "e". きます is coming towards where you are now, and かえります is going back home or to your own country.

  • Ashita doko e ikimasu ka. Where are you going tomorrow?
  • Depaato e ikimashita. I went to the department store.
  • Raigetsu kuni e kaerimasu. I'm going back to my country next month.

Not anywhere: どこも + negative

A question word with も and a negative verb means "not … anywhere": どこも いきません (I'm not going anywhere). The へ can be dropped: どこへも and どこも mean the same.

  • Doko mo ikimasen. I'm not going anywhere.
  • Kinou doko mo ikimasendeshita. I didn't go anywhere yesterday.

By train, by bus: で

で after a vehicle says how you travel: でんしゃで いきます (I go by train). Ask with なんで (by what). On foot is あるいて, without で.

  • Nan de ikimasu ka. How are you getting there?
  • Basu de ikimasu. By bus.
  • Eki kara aruite kaerimashita. I walked home from the station.

With someone: と

と after a person means "with": ともだちと いきます (I go with a friend). Ask with だれと (with whom). If you go alone, say ひとりで, without と.

  • Dare to ikimasu ka. Who are you going with?
  • Kazoku to nihon e kimashita. I came to Japan with my family.
  • Hitoride ikimasu. I'm going on my own.

When: いつ

いつ asks when, and takes no に: いつ にほんへ きましたか. Answer with a date (さんがつ じゅうごにちに) or a word like きょねん (last year), which also takes no に. With です it asks for a date: たんじょうびは いつですか.

  • Itsu nihon e kimashita ka. When did you come to Japan?
  • Sangatsu juugonichi ni kimashita. On the 15th of March.
  • Tanjoubi wa itsu desu ka. When is your birthday?

Months and dates

A month is its number plus がつ (しがつ, しちがつ and くがつ are irregular). Days 1 to 10 have their own words, from ついたち to とおか, and so do the 14th, 20th and 24th (じゅうよっか, はつか, にじゅうよっか). The rest are a number plus にち. Say the month first, then the day. Ask with なんがつ なんにち.

  • Kyou wa nangatsu nannichi desu ka. What's the date today?
  • Shigatsu hatsuka desu. It's the 20th of April.
  • Gogatsu tsuitachi desu. It's the 1st of May.

Telling someone something new: よ

よ at the end of a sentence tells the listener something they don't know yet, often a helpful correction: いいえ、つぎの ふつうですよ (No, it's the next local train). Use it kindly; too much sounds pushy.

  • Kono densha wa koushien e ikimasu ka. Does this train go to Koshien?
  • Iie, tsugino futsuu desu yo. No, it's the next local train.

Agreeing: そうですね

そうですね agrees with what someone has just said, often about something you both know. Compare そうですか (oh, I see), which receives new information.

  • Ashita wa yasumi desu ne. Tomorrow is a day off, isn't it?
  • Sou desu ne. Yes, that's right.

Vocabulary: 65 words

Going and coming

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
ikimasu go
kimasu come
kaerimasu go home, returnGoing back to where you live: home, or your own country.

Places

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
gakkou school
suupaa supermarket
eki station

Getting around

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
hikouki aeroplane
fune ship, boat
densha train
chikatetsu underground, subway
shinkansen Shinkansen, bullet train
basu bus
takushii taxi
jitensha bicycle
aruite on footTakes no で: あるいて いきます (I walk there).

People

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
hito person
tomodachi friend
kare he, boyfriend
kanojo she, girlfriend
kazoku family
hitoride alone, by yourself

Last, this & next

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
senshuu last week
konshuu this week
raishuu next week
sengetsu last month
kongetsu this month
raigetsu next month
kyonen last year
kotoshi this year
rainen next year

Months & dates

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
~nen year ~Years are read as plain numbers: にせんにじゅうろくねん is 2026.
nannen what year
~gatsu month ~ (January is 1)Months are numbered. Three have their own readings: しがつ (April), しちがつ (July) and くがつ (September).
nangatsu what month
tsuitachi the 1st
futsuka the 2nd
mikka the 3rd
yokka the 4th
itsuka the 5th
muika the 6th
nanoka the 7th
youka the 8th
kokonoka the 9th
tooka the 10th
juuyokka the 14th
hatsuka the 20th
nijuuyokka the 24th
~nichi the ~th (day of the month)From the 11th on, days are a number plus にち (じゅうごにち, the 15th), except the 14th, 20th and 24th. The 17th and 19th are じゅうしちにち and じゅうくにち.
nannichi what date, how many days
itsu whenTakes no に: いつ にほんへ きましたか.
tanjoubi birthday

At the station

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
futsuu local train (stops at every station)
kyuukou rapid train
tokkyuu express train
tsugino nextGoes before a noun: つぎの でんしゃ (the next train).
~bansen platform ~, track ~A number before it: さんばんせん is platform 3.
nanbansen which platform

To, by & with

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
~ e to ~ (a place you go)Written へ but read "e".
~ de by ~ (a way of getting there)でんしゃで いきます (I go by train).
~ to with ~ (a person); also ~ and ~ともだちと いきます (I go with a friend).

Expressions

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
douitashimashite you're welcome
sou desune that's right, I agreeAgrees with something the other person said.

Places in the book

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
toukyou Tokyo
koushien Koshien (a town and baseball stadium near Osaka)
oosakajou Osaka Castle

Example sentences

  • Ashita doko e ikimasu ka. Where are you going tomorrow?
  • Koushien e ikimasu. I'm going to Koshien.
  • Doko mo ikimasen. I'm not going anywhere.
  • Kinou doko e ikimashita ka. Where did you go yesterday?
  • Doko mo ikimasendeshita. I didn't go anywhere.
  • Depaato e ikimashita. I went to the department store.
  • Nan de ikimasu ka. How are you getting there?
  • Densha de ikimasu. By train.
  • Aruite ikimasu. I'm walking there.
  • Nan de nihon e kimashita ka. How did you come to Japan?
  • Hikouki de kimashita. By plane.
  • Dare to ikimasu ka. Who are you going with?
  • Tomodachi to ikimasu. With a friend.
  • Hitoride ikimasu. I'm going on my own.
  • Kazoku to nihon e kimashita. I came to Japan with my family.
  • Itsu nihon e kimashita ka. When did you come to Japan?
  • Sangatsu juugonichi ni kimashita. On the 15th of March.
  • Kyonen kimashita. Last year.
  • Itsu kuni e kaerimasu ka. When are you going back to your country?
  • Raigetsu kaerimasu. Next month.
  • Maiban nanji ni uchi e kaerimasu ka. What time do you get home every evening?
  • Shichiji ni kaerimasu. At seven.
  • Tanjoubi wa itsu desu ka. When is your birthday?
  • Gogatsu tsuitachi desu. It's the 1st of May.
  • Kyou wa nangatsu nannichi desu ka. What's the date today?
  • Shigatsu hatsuka desu. It's the 20th of April.
  • Miraa-san wa senshuu toukyou e ikimashita. Mr. Miller went to Tokyo last week.
  • Koushien made ikura desu ka. How much is it to Koshien?
  • Sanbyakugojuuen desu. It's 350 yen.
  • Kono densha wa koushien e ikimasu ka. Does this train go to Koshien?
  • Iie, tsugino futsuu desu yo. No, it's the next local train.
  • Koushien wa nanbansen desu ka. Which platform for Koshien?
  • Sanbansen desu. Platform 3.
  • Doumo arigatou gozaimashita. Thank you very much.
  • Douitashimashite. You're welcome.

Conversations to practise

In the app you play one of the speakers and choose what to say, line by line, with natural Japanese voices.

  • Does this train go to Koshien?You're at a station near Osaka and want to go to Koshien. You ask a station attendant.
  • Plans for SundayOn Friday, your colleague Ms. Sato asks about your weekend.
  • When did you come to Japan?At a party, Mr. Yamada asks you how you came to Japan.

Practise lesson 5

Flashcards, spelling with kana tiles, sentence building and conversations. Free, no sign-up needed.

Start lesson 5