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Minna no Nihongo, lesson 7

Lesson 7:

Lesson 7 of Minna no Nihongo, “Giving, getting, and what you use”, teaches 8 grammar patterns, including , , , and 51 words. Here is every word with romaji and English, the grammar explained with examples, and 38 example sentences.

Updated

Grammar

With a tool or in a language: で

で also marks what you use to do something: はしで たべます (I eat with chopsticks), パソコンで かきます (I write on the computer). A language works the same way: にほんごで かきます (I write in Japanese). Ask with なんで (what with?).

  • Nan de tabemasu ka. What do you eat with?
  • Hasami de kami o kirimasu. I cut the paper with scissors.
  • Nihongo de repooto o kakimasu. I write the report in Japanese.

What's it called in Japanese?

To ask what something is called in another language, use 〜ごで なんですか. It is the same で: the language is what you say it with. Point at the thing with これ, or name the word you want to translate.

  • Kore wa nihongo de nan desu ka. What's this called in Japanese?
  • Hotchikisu desu. It's a stapler.
  • Arigatou wa eigo de nan desu ka. How do you say ありがとう in English?

Giving to someone: に あげます

に marks the person who gets something: ちちに シャツを あげます (I give my father a shirt). The same に goes with かします (lend), おしえます (teach), おくります (send) and でんわを かけます (phone). When someone gives something to you, say it from your side with もらいます.

  • Chichi ni shatsu o agemashita. I gave my father a shirt.
  • Miraa-san ni kasa o kashimashita. I lent Mr. Miller an umbrella.
  • Maiban kazoku ni denwa o kakemasu. I phone my family every evening.

Getting from someone: に or から

With もらいます (receive), かります (borrow) and ならいます (learn), に marks the person you get it from: ははに とけいを もらいました (my mother gave me a watch). から works too: ともだちから メールを もらいました. If the giver is a company or a school, use から.

  • Sono tokei wa dare ni moraimashita ka. Who gave you that watch?
  • Haha ni moraimashita. My mother gave it to me.
  • Yamada-san ni jisho o karimashita. I borrowed a dictionary from Mr. Yamada.

Already and not yet: もう, まだ

もう with a past verb means "already": もう たべました (I've already eaten). Add か to ask: もう たべましたか (have you eaten yet?). Answer yes with はい、もう たべました. Answer no with いいえ、まだです (not yet), not with a past negative. これから says you're about to do it.

  • Mou nimotsu o okurimashita ka. Have you sent the parcel yet?
  • Hai, mou okurimashita. Yes, I've already sent it.
  • Iie, mada desu. No, not yet.

Offering: いかがですか

いかがですか politely offers something: コーヒーは いかがですか (would you like some coffee?). Accept with ありがとう ございます。いただきます. いただきます is also what everyone says before a meal.

  • Koohii wa ikaga desu ka. Would you like some coffee?
  • Arigatou gozaimasu. Itadakimasu. Thank you. I'd love some.

Visiting a home

At the door, call out ごめんください (hello, is anyone home?). Your host answers いらっしゃい (welcome) and invites you in with どうぞ おあがり ください. Go in with しつれいします. A small present from home, given with ほんの きもちです, is always welcome.

  • Gomenkudasai. Hello, is anyone home?
  • Irasshai. Douzo oagari kudasai. Welcome. Please come in.
  • Shitsurei shimasu. Thank you. (Excuse me as I come in.)

My father, your father

Japanese has different words for your own family and someone else's. When you talk about your own father and mother, say ちち and はは: ははに もらいました. Someone else's are おとうさん and おかあさん: カリナさんの おかあさん. At home, children call their parents おとうさん and おかあさん too.

  • Haha ni moraimashita. My mother gave it to me.
  • Okaa-san no tanjoubi ni nani o agemasu ka. What are you giving your mother for her birthday?

Vocabulary: 51 words

Giving, lending and teaching

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
kirimasu cut, slice
okurimasu send
agemasu giveThe person who gets it takes に: ちちに シャツを あげます (I give my father a shirt).
moraimasu receive, getThe giver takes に or から: ともだちに もらいます (I get it from a friend).
kashimasu lend
karimasu borrow
oshiemasu teach
naraimasu learn
kakemasu make (a phone call)でんわを かけます (I make a phone call). The person you call takes に.

Hands and tools

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
te hand, arm
hashi chopsticks
supuun spoon
naifu knife
fooku fork
hasami scissors

At the desk

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
pasokon computer, PC
keetai mobile phone
meeru email
nengajou New Year's greeting cardSent in December so it arrives on 1 January.
panchi hole punch
hotchikisu stapler
seroteepu sticky tape
keshigomu eraser, rubber
kami paper

Gifts and things you send

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
hana flower(s)
shatsu shirt
purezento present, gift
nimotsu parcel, luggage
okane money
kippu ticket
kurisumasu Christmas
ryokou trip, travel

Father and mother

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
chichi (my) fatherFor your own father when talking to others. Someone else's father is おとうさん.
haha (my) motherFor your own mother when talking to others. Someone else's mother is おかあさん.
otousan (someone's) fatherAlso what you call your own father at home.
okaasan (someone's) motherAlso what you call your own mother at home.

Already and not yet

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
mou alreadyWith a past verb: もう たべました (I've already eaten).
mada not yetいいえ、まだです (no, not yet).
korekara now, soon, from now onこれから たべます (I'm about to eat).

With, to and from: で, に, から

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
~ de with, in ~ (the tool or language you use)はしで たべます (I eat with chopsticks), にほんごで かきます (I write in Japanese).
~ ni to ~ (the person who gets something)ともだちに てがみを おくります (I send a letter to a friend).
~ kara from ~ (the person you get it from)With もらいます, かります and ならいます, に works too: ともだちに もらいました.

Visiting a home

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
gomenkudasai hello, is anyone home?Said at the door of someone's home.
irasshai welcome, nice of you to comeThe host's greeting. Shops say the more formal いらっしゃいませ.
douzo oagari kudasai please come inJapanese homes have a step up at the door, where you take your shoes off.
shitsurei shimasu excuse me (as I come in)Said as you enter someone's home or office.
~ wa ikaga desu ka would you like ~?A polite offer: コーヒーは いかがですか.
itadakimasu thank you, I'll have someSaid just before you eat or drink.
suteki desune how lovelySaid about something someone has: その かばん、すてきですね.

Places in the book

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
yooroppa Europe
supein Spain

Example sentences

  • Nan de tabemasu ka. What do you eat with?
  • Hashi de tabemasu. With chopsticks.
  • Naifu to fooku de tabemasu. With a knife and fork.
  • Hasami de kami o kirimasu. I cut the paper with scissors.
  • Pasokon de repooto o kakimasu. I write the report on the computer.
  • Nihongo de repooto o kakimasu. I write the report in Japanese.
  • Keetai de shashin o torimasu. I take photos with my phone.
  • Kore wa nihongo de nan desu ka. What's this called in Japanese?
  • Hotchikisu desu. It's a stapler.
  • Arigatou wa eigo de nan desu ka. How do you say ありがとう in English?
  • Okaa-san no tanjoubi ni nani o agemasu ka. What are you giving your mother for her birthday?
  • Hana o agemasu. I'm giving her flowers.
  • Chichi ni shatsu o agemashita. I gave my father a shirt.
  • Sono tokei wa dare ni moraimashita ka. Who gave you that watch?
  • Haha ni moraimashita. My mother gave it to me.
  • Tomodachi kara meeru o moraimashita. I got an email from a friend.
  • Miraa-san ni kasa o kashimashita. I lent Mr. Miller an umbrella.
  • Yamada-san ni jisho o karimashita. I borrowed a dictionary from Mr. Yamada.
  • Dare ni nihongo o naraimashita ka. Who did you learn Japanese from?
  • Nihonjin no tomodachi ni naraimashita. From a Japanese friend.
  • Wattosensei wa daigaku de eigo o oshiemasu. Mr. Watt teaches English at a university.
  • Kazoku ni tegami o okurimasu. I'm sending a letter to my family.
  • Maiban kazoku ni denwa o kakemasu. I phone my family every evening.
  • Mou nimotsu o okurimashita ka. Have you sent the parcel yet?
  • Hai, mou okurimashita. Yes, I've already sent it.
  • Iie, mada desu. No, not yet.
  • Mou hirugohan o tabemashita ka. Have you had lunch yet?
  • Iie, korekara tabemasu. No, I'm about to have it.
  • Mou shinkansen no kippu o kaimashita ka. Have you bought the shinkansen tickets yet?
  • Hai, mou kaimashita. Yes, I've already bought them.
  • Gomenkudasai. Hello, is anyone home?
  • Irasshai. Douzo oagari kudasai. Welcome. Please come in.
  • Shitsurei shimasu. Thank you. (Excuse me as I come in.)
  • Koohii wa ikaga desu ka. Would you like some coffee?
  • Arigatou gozaimasu. Itadakimasu. Thank you. I'd love some.
  • Kono supuun, suteki desu ne. What a lovely spoon.
  • Ee. Doitsu no tomodachi ni moraimashita. Yes. A friend in Germany gave it to me.
  • Kore wa supein no omiyage desu. This is a souvenir from Spain.

Conversations to practise

In the app you play one of the speakers and choose what to say, line by line, with natural Japanese voices.

  • A visit to Mr. YamadaIt's Sunday afternoon. You visit Mr. Yamada at his home.
  • Christmas presentsIt's December. Ms. Sato asks about your Christmas shopping.
  • Lunch with chopsticksJust before noon, Mr. Miller comes over to your desk.

Practise lesson 7

Flashcards, spelling with kana tiles, sentence building and conversations. Free, no sign-up needed.

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