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Minna no Nihongo, lesson 8

Lesson 8:

Lesson 8 of Minna no Nihongo, “What's it like? Describing people and places”, teaches 9 grammar patterns, including , , , and 60 words. Here is every word with romaji and English, the grammar explained with examples, and 38 example sentences.

Updated

Grammar

Describing: adjectives with です

Japanese has two kinds of adjectives. い-adjectives end in い: おおきい, たかい, おいしい. な-adjectives take な before a noun: しずか, べんり, ゆうめい. Both go before です to describe something: ふじさんは たかいです, ならは しずかです.

  • Sakura wa kirei desu. Cherry blossoms are beautiful.
  • Fuji-san wa takai desu. Mount Fuji is high.
  • Kyou wa samui desu ne. It's cold today, isn't it?

Not …: negative adjectives

An い-adjective changes its last い to くないです: さむい → さむくないです, おもしろい → おもしろくないです. いい is the exception: よくないです. A な-adjective works like a noun: しずかじゃ ありません. きれい looks like an い-adjective but is a な-adjective: きれいじゃ ありません.

  • Iie, omoshirokunai desu. No, it isn't.
  • Kono kamera wa amari yokunai desu. This camera isn't very good.
  • Iie, hima ja arimasen. Isogashii desu. No, I'm not free. I'm busy.

Before a noun: たかい やま, しずかな まち

An adjective goes straight before the noun it describes. い-adjectives stay as they are: たかい やま (a high mountain). な-adjectives add な: しずかな まち (a quiet town), しんせつな せんせい (a kind teacher).

  • Nara wa shizuka na machi desu. Nara is a quiet town.
  • Fuji-san wa takai yama desu. Mount Fuji is a high mountain.
  • Wattosensei wa shinsetsu na sensei desu. Mr. Watt is a kind teacher.

Very, not very: とても, あまり

とても (very) makes a positive sentence stronger: とても おいしいです. あまり (not very) only goes with a negative: あまり さむくないです, あまり べんりじゃ ありません.

  • Ee, totemo oishii desu. Yes, it's delicious.
  • Iie, amari muzukashikunai desu. No, it isn't very difficult.
  • Iie, amari benri ja arimasen. No, it isn't very useful.

How is it?: どうですか

〜は どうですか asks how something is, or what someone thinks of it: にほんの せいかつは どうですか. Answer with an adjective: たのしいです.

  • Nihon no seikatsu wa dou desu ka. How is life in Japan?
  • Totemo tanoshii desu. It's a lot of fun.

What kind of …?: どんな

どんな always comes before a noun and asks what kind it is: ならは どんな まちですか (what kind of town is Nara?). The answer usually has an adjective and the same noun: しずかな まちです.

  • Nara wa donna machi desu ka. What kind of town is Nara?
  • Nara wa shizuka na machi desu. Nara is a quiet town.

But and and: が, そして

が after です joins two sentences that contrast: いそがしいですが、おもしろいです (it's busy, but interesting). そして starts a new sentence that adds something in the same direction: ふるい まちです。そして しずかです.

  • Isogashii desu ga, omoshiroi desu. It's busy, but interesting.
  • Ano resutoran wa yasui desu ga, oishii desu. That restaurant is cheap, but good.
  • Furui machi desu. Soshite shizuka desu. It's an old town. And it's quiet.

Which one?: どれ

どれ asks which one of three or more things. It is the question word for これ, それ and あれ: ミラーさんの かさは どれですか. Answer by pointing it out: あの あおい かさです.

  • Miraa-san no kasa wa dore desu ka. Which umbrella is yours, Mr. Miller?
  • Ano aoi kasa desu. That blue one over there.

Leaving: そろそろ しつれいします

To turn down another drink, say いいえ、けっこうです. When it's time to go, say そろそろ しつれいします (it's time I was going), often after noticing the time: もう しちじですね. The host answers また いらっしゃって ください (please come again).

  • Koohii, mou ippai ikaga desu ka. Would you like another cup of coffee?
  • Iie, kekkou desu. No, thank you.
  • A, mou shichiji desu ne. Sorosoro shitsurei shimasu. Oh, it's already seven. It's time I was going.

Vocabulary: 60 words

な-adjectives

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
hansamu handsomeA な-adjective: ハンサムな ひと.
kirei beautiful, cleanEnds in い but is a な-adjective: きれいな はな, きれいじゃ ありません.
shizuka quietA な-adjective: しずかな まち.
nigiyaka lively
yuumei famous
shinsetsu kindNot used about your own family.
genki well, healthy, full of energy
hima free (not busy)
benri convenient
suteki lovely, niceA な-adjective: すてきな かばん.

い-adjectives: size, age and price

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
ookii big, large
chiisai small, little
atarashii new, fresh
furui old (not of people)For things, not for a person's age.
ii goodIts negative is よくないです, not いくないです.
warui bad
takai expensive; tall, high
yasui cheap
hikui low

い-adjectives: how it feels

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
atsui hotFor the weather. A hot drink is also あつい (熱い).
samui cold (weather)Cold to the touch is つめたい.
tsumetai cold (to the touch)つめたい みず (cold water).
muzukashii difficult
yasashii easy
omoshiroi interesting, funny
oishii delicious, tasty
isogashii busy
tanoshii fun, enjoyable

Colours

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
shiroi white
kuroi black
akai red
aoi blue

Places and life

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
sakura cherry blossom, cherry tree
yama mountain
machi town, city
tabemono food
tokoro place
ryou dormitory
resutoran restaurant
seikatsu life, daily life
oshigoto work, job (someone's)Without お, しごと is your own work.

How, what kind, which

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
dou how〜は どうですか (how is ~?).
donna what kind of ~Always followed by a noun: どんな まちですか.
dore which one (of three or more)
totemo very
amari not very (with a negative)あまり さむくないです (it isn't very cold).
soshite and, and alsoStarts a new sentence that adds something.
~ ga …, but …たかいですが、おいしいです (it's expensive, but delicious).

Expressions

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
ogenki desuka how are you?Said to someone you haven't seen for a while. The answer: はい、げんきです.
nihon no seikatsu ni naremashita ka have you got used to life in Japan?
mou ippai ikaga desuka would you like another cup?
kekkou desu no, thank youいいえ、けっこうです politely says no to an offer.
sorosoro shitsurei shimasu it's time I was going
mata irasshatte kudasai please come againWhat the host says when a guest leaves.

Places in the book

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
fujisan Mount Fuji
biwako Lake Biwa
shanhai Shanghai
kinkakuji Kinkaku-ji (the Golden Pavilion)
nara Nara
Shichinin no Samurai Seven Samurai (a film)

Example sentences

  • Sakura wa kirei desu. Cherry blossoms are beautiful.
  • Fuji-san wa takai desu. Mount Fuji is high.
  • Kyou wa samui desu ne. It's cold today, isn't it?
  • Ee, totemo samui desu. Yes, very cold.
  • Nihongo wa muzukashii desu ka. Is Japanese difficult?
  • Iie, amari muzukashikunai desu. No, it isn't very difficult.
  • Kono hon wa omoshiroi desu ka. Is this book interesting?
  • Iie, omoshirokunai desu. No, it isn't.
  • Kono kamera wa amari yokunai desu. This camera isn't very good.
  • Kono jisho wa benri desu ka. Is this dictionary useful?
  • Iie, amari benri ja arimasen. No, it isn't very useful.
  • Ashita wa hima desu ka. Are you free tomorrow?
  • Iie, hima ja arimasen. Isogashii desu. No, I'm not free. I'm busy.
  • Nara wa shizuka na machi desu. Nara is a quiet town.
  • Fuji-san wa takai yama desu. Mount Fuji is a high mountain.
  • Wattosensei wa shinsetsu na sensei desu. Mr. Watt is a kind teacher.
  • Shanhai wa nigiyaka na machi desu. Shanghai is a lively city.
  • Shichininno samurai wa yuumei na eiga desu. Seven Samurai is a famous film.
  • Nihon no seikatsu wa dou desu ka. How is life in Japan?
  • Totemo tanoshii desu. It's a lot of fun.
  • Oshigoto wa dou desu ka. How's work?
  • Isogashii desu ga, omoshiroi desu. It's busy, but interesting.
  • Nara wa donna machi desu ka. What kind of town is Nara?
  • Furui machi desu. Soshite shizuka desu. It's an old town. And it's quiet.
  • Miraa-san no kasa wa dore desu ka. Which umbrella is yours, Mr. Miller?
  • Ano aoi kasa desu. That blue one over there.
  • Nihon no tabemono wa oishii desu ka. Is Japanese food good?
  • Ee, totemo oishii desu. Yes, it's delicious.
  • Ano resutoran wa yasui desu ga, oishii desu. That restaurant is cheap, but good.
  • Sono kaban wa atarashii desu ka. Is that bag new?
  • Iie, atarashikunai desu. Furui desu. No, it isn't new. It's old.
  • Ocha wa atsui desu yo. The tea is hot, careful.
  • Ogenki desu ka. How are you?
  • Hai, genki desu. I'm fine, thank you.
  • Koohii, mou ippai ikaga desu ka. Would you like another cup of coffee?
  • Iie, kekkou desu. No, thank you.
  • A, mou shichiji desu ne. Sorosoro shitsurei shimasu. Oh, it's already seven. It's time I was going.
  • Mata irasshatte kudasai. Please come again.

Conversations to practise

In the app you play one of the speakers and choose what to say, line by line, with natural Japanese voices.

  • Time to goYou've spent the evening at Mr. Yamada's home.
  • Photos of NaraAt lunch, Ms. Sato shows you photos on her phone.
  • Which umbrella?After a meeting, there are five umbrellas by the door. Mr. Yamada helps you find yours.

Practise lesson 8

Flashcards, spelling with kana tiles, sentence building and conversations. Free, no sign-up needed.

Start lesson 8