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Minna no Nihongo, lesson 9

Lesson 9:

Lesson 9 of Minna no Nihongo, “Likes, skills and reasons”, teaches 9 grammar patterns, including , , , and 53 words. Here is every word with romaji and English, the grammar explained with examples, and 37 example sentences.

Updated

Grammar

Likes and dislikes: が すきです

すき (like) and きらい (dislike) are な-adjectives. What you like takes が, not を: サッカーが すきです. The negative works like any な-adjective: すきじゃ ありません. きらい sounds strong, so people often say あまり すきじゃ ありません instead.

  • Sakkaa ga suki desu. I like football.
  • Jazu ga suki desu. Kurashikku mo suki desu. I like jazz. I like classical music, too.
  • Watashi wa yasai ga amari suki ja arimasen. I don't like vegetables very much.

Good and bad at: じょうず, へた

じょうず (good at) and へた (poor at) are な-adjectives that also take が: マリアさんは ダンスが じょうずです. じょうず is praise, so it's said about other people, not yourself. When someone praises you, answer modestly: いいえ、まだ へたです.

  • Maria-san wa dansu ga jouzu desu. Maria is good at dancing.
  • Nihongo ga jouzu desu ne. Your Japanese is good.
  • Iie, mada heta desu. Oh no, I'm still not good at it.

Understanding: が わかります

わかります (understand) takes が too: にほんごが わかりますか. To contrast two things, use は instead: ひらがなは わかりますが、かんじは わかりません.

  • Nihongo ga wakarimasu ka. Do you understand Japanese?
  • Iie, zenzen wakarimasen. No, not at all.
  • Hiragana wa daitai wakarimasu. I understand most hiragana.

Having: が あります

あります means "have" for things, time and plans, and what you have takes が: こまかい おかねが ありますか. The negative is ありません: じかんが ありません.

  • Komakai okane ga arimasu ka. Do you have any small change?
  • Ashita jikan ga arimasu ka. Do you have time tomorrow?
  • Sumimasen. Ashita wa youji ga arimasu. Sorry. I have something to do tomorrow.

What kind do you like?: どんな N が

With すき, どんな (what kind of) asks someone to name what they like: どんな スポーツが すきですか. Answer with the thing itself: サッカーが すきです.

  • Donna supootsu ga suki desu ka. What sports do you like?
  • Sakkaa ga suki desu. I like football.
  • Donna ongaku ga suki desu ka. What kind of music do you like?

How much: よく, すこし, ぜんぜん

These go before the verb. よく (well), だいたい (mostly) and すこし (a little) go with a positive: すこし わかります. あまり (not very) and ぜんぜん (not at all) only go with a negative: ぜんぜん わかりません. たくさん (a lot) is about how many: ほんを たくさん よみます. よく also means "often": よく えいがを みます.

  • Hai, sukoshi wakarimasu. Yes, a little.
  • Iie, zenzen wakarimasen. No, not at all.
  • Yamada-san wa hon o Taku-san yomimasu. Mr. Yamada reads a lot of books.

So, because: から

から after a sentence gives a reason, and what follows from it comes next: じかんが ありませんから、しんぶんを よみません (I don't have time, so I don't read the newspaper). The reason always comes first.

  • Jikan ga arimasen kara, shinbun o yomimasen. I don't have time, so I don't read the newspaper.
  • Isogashii desu kara, kyou wa ikimasen. I'm busy, so I'm not going today.

Why?: どうして

どうして asks why: どうして はやく かえりますか. Answer with the reason and から at the end: こどもの たんじょうびですから (because it's my child's birthday).

  • Doushite hayaku kaerimasu ka. Why are you going home early?
  • Kodomo no tanjoubi desu kara. Because it's my child's birthday.

Saying no politely: 〜は ちょっと

A flat no to an invitation sounds rude. Say when, add ちょっと (a bit), and leave the rest unsaid: あしたは ちょっと. The other person answers ざんねんですね (that's a pity), and you can add また こんど おねがいします (maybe next time).

  • Sumimasen. Ashita wa chotto. Sorry, tomorrow's a bit difficult.
  • Sou desu ka. Zannen desu ne. I see. That's a pity.
  • Mata kondo onegaishimasu. Maybe next time.

Vocabulary: 53 words

Likes, skills and having

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
wakarimasu understandWhat you understand takes が: にほんごが わかります.
arimasu haveFor things, time and plans: じかんが あります.
suki like, be fond ofA な-adjective. What you like takes が: サッカーが すきです.
kirai dislike, hateA な-adjective, and a strong word: あまり すきじゃ ありません is softer.
jouzu good at, skilfulA な-adjective. Praise for others, never about yourself.
heta poor at, bad atA な-adjective: うたが へたです.

Music, sport and hobbies

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
nomimono a drink, drinks
ryouri cooking, a dishタイの りょうり (Thai food).
supootsu sport
yakyuu baseball
dansu dancing, a dance
ongaku music
uta song, singing
kurashikku classical music
jazu jazz
konsaato concert
karaoke karaoke
kabuki kabuki (traditional Japanese theatre)
e picture, drawingえを かきます (I draw a picture).
chiketto ticket (for a concert, a film…)A train ticket is きっぷ.

Writing

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
ji letter, written characterじが きれいです (your handwriting is beautiful).
kanji kanji (Chinese characters)
hiragana hiragana
katakana katakana
roomaji romaji (Japanese in Latin letters)

Time and plans

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
komakai okane small change
jikan timeじかんが ありません (I have no time).
youji something to do, an errand
yakusoku an appointment, a promiseともだちと やくそくが あります (I'm meeting a friend).
arubaito part-time job

Husbands, wives and children

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
goshujin husband (someone else's)
otto my husband
shujin my husband (more casual)In speech people often say しゅじん, in writing おっと.
okusan wife (someone else's)
tsuma my wife
kanai my wife (more traditional)
kodomo child

How much, how often, why

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
yoku well, oftenよく わかります (I understand well), よく みます (I often watch).
daitai mostly, roughly
takusan many, a lot
sukoshi a little, a few
zenzen not at all (with a negative)ぜんぜん わかりません (I don't understand at all).
hayaku early, quickly
doushite whyThe answer ends in から: …ですから (because …).

Expressions

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
kashite kudasai please lend meボールペンを かして ください (could you lend me a pen?).
ii desuyo sure, of course
zannen desune that's a pity
moshimoshi hello (on the phone)
aa oh (when you recognise someone)
~ wa chotto ~ is a bit difficult (a polite no)あしたは ちょっと. The rest is left unsaid.
dame desuka you can't make it?
mata kondo onegaishimasu maybe next timeSaid when turning down an invitation, so the other person can ask again.

Names in the book

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
Ozawa Seiji Seiji Ozawa (a famous conductor)

Example sentences

  • Miraa-san wa osake ga suki desu ka. Do you like sake, Mr. Miller?
  • Hai, suki desu. Yes, I do.
  • Donna supootsu ga suki desu ka. What sports do you like?
  • Sakkaa ga suki desu. I like football.
  • Donna ongaku ga suki desu ka. What kind of music do you like?
  • Jazu ga suki desu. Kurashikku mo suki desu. I like jazz. I like classical music, too.
  • Watashi wa yasai ga amari suki ja arimasen. I don't like vegetables very much.
  • Nihongo ga wakarimasu ka. Do you understand Japanese?
  • Hai, sukoshi wakarimasu. Yes, a little.
  • Kanji ga wakarimasu ka. Do you understand kanji?
  • Iie, zenzen wakarimasen. No, not at all.
  • Hiragana wa daitai wakarimasu. I understand most hiragana.
  • Maria-san wa dansu ga jouzu desu. Maria is good at dancing.
  • Watashi wa uta ga heta desu. I'm bad at singing.
  • Nihongo ga jouzu desu ne. Your Japanese is good.
  • Iie, mada heta desu. Oh no, I'm still not good at it.
  • Yamada-san no Oku-san wa ryouri ga jouzu desu. Mr. Yamada's wife is a good cook.
  • Komakai okane ga arimasu ka. Do you have any small change?
  • Iie, arimasen. No, I don't.
  • Ashita jikan ga arimasu ka. Do you have time tomorrow?
  • Sumimasen. Ashita wa youji ga arimasu. Sorry. I have something to do tomorrow.
  • Konban wa tomodachi to yakusoku ga arimasu. I'm meeting a friend tonight.
  • Yoku eiga o mimasu ka. Do you often watch films?
  • Ee, yoku mimasu. Yes, often.
  • Yamada-san wa hon o Taku-san yomimasu. Mr. Yamada reads a lot of books.
  • Doushite hayaku kaerimasu ka. Why are you going home early?
  • Kodomo no tanjoubi desu kara. Because it's my child's birthday.
  • Jikan ga arimasen kara, shinbun o yomimasen. I don't have time, so I don't read the newspaper.
  • Isogashii desu kara, kyou wa ikimasen. I'm busy, so I'm not going today.
  • Isshoni konsaato e ikimasen ka. Would you like to go to a concert with me?
  • Sumimasen. Ashita wa chotto. Sorry, tomorrow's a bit difficult.
  • Dame desu ka. You can't make it?
  • Sou desu ka. Zannen desu ne. I see. That's a pity.
  • Mata kondo onegaishimasu. Maybe next time.
  • Boorupen o kashite kudasai. Could you lend me a pen?
  • Ii desu yo. Douzo. Sure. Here you are.
  • Moshimoshi, Kimura-san desu ka. Hello, is that Ms. Kimura?

Conversations to practise

In the app you play one of the speakers and choose what to say, line by line, with natural Japanese voices.

  • An invitation to a concertYou call Ms. Kimura to invite her to a concert.
  • Your Japanese is goodAt lunch, Ms. Sato asks about your Japanese and what you like.
  • Not tonightAs you're leaving work, Mr. Matsumoto invites you to dinner.

Practise lesson 9

Flashcards, spelling with kana tiles, sentence building and conversations. Free, no sign-up needed.

Start lesson 9