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Minna no Nihongo, lesson 15

Lesson 15:

Lesson 15 of Minna no Nihongo, “May I? Permission, rules, and where you live and work”, teaches 6 grammar patterns, including , , , and 29 words. Here is every word with romaji and English, the grammar explained with examples, and 40 example sentences.

Updated

Grammar

May I?: 〜ても いいですか

The て-form plus も いいですか asks for permission: しゃしんを とっても いいですか (may I take a photo?). Say yes with ええ、いいですよ or ええ、どうぞ. To say no gently, use すみません。ちょっと….

  • Shashin o totte mo ii desu ka. May I take a photo?
  • Ee, ii desu yo. Yes, go ahead.
  • Koko ni nimotsu o oite mo ii desu ka. May I leave my bags here?

Must not: 〜ては いけません

The て-form plus は いけません says something isn't allowed: ここで たばこを すっては いけません (you mustn't smoke here). It's strong, for rules and signs. Only someone in charge, like a teacher, answers 〜ても いいですか with いいえ、いけません.

  • Iie, koko de tabako o sutte wa ikemasen. No, you mustn't smoke here.
  • Kono heya ni haitte wa ikemasen. You mustn't go into this room.
  • Koko ni kuruma o tomete wa ikemasen. You mustn't park here.

Living, being married, having: 〜て います

With some verbs 〜て います describes a state that goes on, not an action in progress: けっこんして います (I'm married), すんで います (I live there), もって います (I have it). Where you live takes に: おおさかに すんで います.

  • Watashi wa oosaka ni sunde imasu. I live in Osaka.
  • Kekkonshite imasu ka. Are you married?
  • Iie, dokushin desu. No, I'm single.

Know, don't know

Knowing is しって います, but not knowing is しりません, not しって いません. Ask with しって いますか.

  • Miraa-san no juusho o shitte imasu ka. Do you know Mr. Miller's address?
  • Ee, shitte imasu. Yes, I do.
  • Iie, shirimasen. No, I don't.

Jobs and what you do: 〜て います

〜て います also says what someone does as their job or regularly: アイエムシーで はたらいて います (he works at IMC), だいがくで えいごを おしえて います. A company or a shop can do it too: アイエムシーは ソフトを つくって います.

  • Miraa-san wa aiemushii de hataraite imasu. Mr. Miller works at IMC.
  • Aiemushii wa konpyuutaa no sofuto o tsukutte imasu. IMC makes computer software.
  • Ano mise de denshijisho o utte imasu. That shop sells electronic dictionaries.

Talking about family: ごかぞくは?

Ask about someone's family with ごかぞくは? ご makes it their family; your own is かぞく. For other people's family, いらっしゃいます is the polite word for います: ごかぞくは どちらに いらっしゃいますか.

  • Gokazoku wa? And your family?
  • Gokazoku wa dochira ni irasshaimasu ka. Where does your family live?
  • Ane wa shiyakusho de hataraite imasu. My older sister works at the city hall.

Vocabulary: 29 words

Verbs

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
okimasu put, placeGroup I, so the て-form is おいて. おきます (get up, lesson 4) is group II: おきて. Where you put it takes に: つくえの うえに おきます.
tsukurimasu make, produceて-form: つくって.
urimasu sellて-form: うって.
shirimasu get to know, knowKnowing is しって います, but not knowing is しりません (never しって いません).
sumimasu live (somewhere)Said with 〜て います, and the place takes に: おおさかに すんで います. て-form: すんで.
kenkyuushimasu do researchて-form: けんきゅうして.
omoidashimasu remember, think ofかぞくを おもいだします (I think of my family). て-form: おもいだして.
irasshaimasu be (polite, for others)The respectful word for います, used about other people and their family: ごかぞくは どちらに いらっしゃいますか.

Things

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
shiryou materials, data
katarogu catalogue
jikokuhyou timetable
fuku clothes
seihin product
sofuto software
denshijisho electronic dictionary

Work and study

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
keizai economics, the economy
senmon field of study, specialityせんもんは なんですか (what's your field?).
shiyakusho city hall
koukou high school
haisha dentistAlso the dentist's: はいしゃへ いきます.

Family and people

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
gokazoku (your, someone else's) familyYour own is かぞく (lesson 5). ごかぞくは? (and your family?)
dokushin single, unmarriedどくしんです (I'm single); I'm married is けっこんして います.

Allowed or not

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
~temo ii desuka may I …?The て-form plus も いいですか: しゃしんを とっても いいですか (may I take a photo?).
~teha ikemasen you must not …Rules and warnings: ここで たばこを すっては いけません. It's strong, so it isn't said to someone above you.

Knowing and being married

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
shitte imasu know
shirimasen don't knowNot しって いません.
kekkonshite imasu be marriedけっこんします is getting married; the state of being married is けっこんして います.

Other words

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
tokuni especially

Places in the book

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
nihonbashi Nihonbashi (a shopping area in Tokyo)

Example sentences

  • Shashin o totte mo ii desu ka. May I take a photo?
  • Ee, ii desu yo. Yes, go ahead.
  • Ee, douzo. Yes, please do.
  • Sumimasen. Chotto…. Sorry, I'd rather you didn't.
  • Koko de tabako o sutte mo ii desu ka. May I smoke here?
  • Iie, koko de tabako o sutte wa ikemasen. No, you mustn't smoke here.
  • Kono isu ni suwatte mo ii desu ka. May I sit on this chair?
  • Kono shiryou o moratte mo ii desu ka. May I have these materials?
  • Katarogu o mite mo ii desu ka. May I look at the catalogue?
  • Denwa o tsukatte mo ii desu ka. May I use the phone?
  • Mado o akete mo ii desu ka. May I open the window?
  • Koko ni nimotsu o oite mo ii desu ka. May I leave my bags here?
  • Shiken de denshijisho o tsukatte mo ii desu ka. May I use an electronic dictionary in the exam?
  • Iie, tsukatte wa ikemasen. No, you mustn't.
  • Kono heya ni haitte wa ikemasen. You mustn't go into this room.
  • Koko ni kuruma o tomete wa ikemasen. You mustn't park here.
  • Watashi wa oosaka ni sunde imasu. I live in Osaka.
  • Doko ni sunde imasu ka. Where do you live?
  • Miraa-san no juusho o shitte imasu ka. Do you know Mr. Miller's address?
  • Ee, shitte imasu. Yes, I do.
  • Iie, shirimasen. No, I don't.
  • Kekkonshite imasu ka. Are you married?
  • Ee, kekkonshite imasu. Yes, I'm married.
  • Iie, dokushin desu. No, I'm single.
  • Miraa-san wa aiemushii de hataraite imasu. Mr. Miller works at IMC.
  • Aiemushii wa konpyuutaa no sofuto o tsukutte imasu. IMC makes computer software.
  • Ano mise de denshijisho o utte imasu. That shop sells electronic dictionaries.
  • Ii-san wa eekeeshii de kenkyuushite imasu. Ms. Lee does research at AKC.
  • Wattosensei wa sakuradaigaku de eigo o oshiete imasu. Mr. Watt teaches English at Sakura University.
  • Senmon wa nan desu ka. What's your field of study?
  • Keizai desu. Economics.
  • Ane wa shiyakusho de hataraite imasu. My older sister works at the city hall.
  • Imouto wa koukou no gakusei desu. My younger sister is a high school student.
  • Ashita haisha e ikimasu. I'm going to the dentist tomorrow.
  • Gokazoku wa? And your family?
  • Gokazoku wa dochira ni irasshaimasu ka. Where does your family live?
  • Jikokuhyou o misete kudasai. Please show me the timetable.
  • Kore wa pawaadenki no seihin desu. This is a Power Electric product.
  • Ii eiga deshita ne. Kazoku o omoidashimashita. That was a good film. It made me think of my family.
  • Kudamono ga suki desu. Tokuni mikan ga suki desu. I like fruit. I especially like mandarins.

Conversations to practise

In the app you play one of the speakers and choose what to say, line by line, with natural Japanese voices.

  • Your family?After a film, Ms. Kimura asks about your family.
  • May I?You're at a museum and talk to the woman at reception.
  • Do you know?Ms. Sato asks you about Mr. Miller.

Practise lesson 15

Flashcards, spelling with kana tiles, sentence building and conversations. Free, no sign-up needed.

Start lesson 15