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Minna no Nihongo, lesson 29

Lesson 29:

Lesson 29 of Minna no Nihongo, “States: it's open, it's broken, and 〜て しまいました”, teaches 6 grammar patterns, including , , , and 25 words. Here is every word with romaji and English, the grammar explained with examples, and 29 example sentences.

Updated

Grammar

It's open, it's broken

With verbs of things that happen by themselves (あきます, こわれます, きえます), 〜て います describes the state they've left: まどが あいて います (the window is open), いすが こわれて います (the chair is broken). It's about how things are now, not about anything going on.

  • Mado ga aite imasu. The window is open.
  • Kono isu wa kowarete imasu. This chair is broken.
  • Doa ni kagi ga kakatte imasu. The door is locked.

Doing it, or it happening

Many verbs come in pairs: one for what you do to something, with を, and one for what happens by itself, with が. あけます / あきます (open), しめます / しまります (close), つけます / つきます (turn on, come on), けします / きえます (turn off, go off), いれます / はいります (put in, go in).

  • Mado o akemasu. Mado ga akimasu. I open the window. The window opens.
  • Kaigishitsu no denki ga tsuite imasu. The meeting room light is on.
  • Kaban ni shorui ga haitte imasu. There are some papers in the bag.

I've gone and …

〜て しまいました says that something has happened that can't be undone, usually with regret: さいふを おとして しまいました (I've dropped my wallet, I'm afraid). It's how you own up to a mistake or a mishap.

  • Densha ni kasa o wasurete shimaimashita. I've gone and left my umbrella on the train.
  • Densha o machigaete shimaimashita. I got on the wrong train.
  • Sumimasen. Wasuremono o shite shimatta ndesu. Excuse me. I've left something behind.

All done

〜て しまいます can also just mean doing something completely: ケーキを ぜんぶ たべて しまいました (I ate the whole cake). With もう it's "already": しゅくだいは もう やって しまいました. In the present it's what you'll get done: ばんごはんまでに して しまいます.

  • Shukudai wa mou yatte shimaimashita. I've already done all my homework.
  • Keeki o zenbu tabete shimaimashita. I ate the whole cake.
  • Bangohan made ni shukudai o shite shimaimasu. I'll get my homework finished before dinner.

Talking about one thing

When you're talking about a particular thing, it takes は: この いすは こわれて います (this chair is broken). が tells someone about something they haven't noticed yet: あ、まどが あいて いますよ.

  • Kono isu wa kowarete imasu. This chair is broken.
  • Kono mise wa kyou shimatte imasu. This shop is closed today.
  • Shatsu ga yogorete imasu. Your shirt is dirty.

Describing what you've lost

さっき (a moment ago) and たしか (if I remember rightly) help when you report something lost: さっきの でんしゃです (it was the train just now), たしか みどりの かさです (it's a green umbrella, I think).

  • Sakki no densha desu. On the train that just left.
  • Tashika midori no kasa desu. It's a green umbrella, if I remember rightly.
  • Doko ni wasureta ndesuka. Where did you leave it?

Vocabulary: 25 words

Verbs

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
akimasu (a door, a window) openWhat happens by itself takes が: ドアが あきます. あけます (lesson 14) is what you do: ドアを あけます.
shimarimasu (a door, a window) close, shutドアが しまります; しめます (lesson 14) is ドアを しめます.
tsukimasu (a light) come onでんきが つきます; つけます (lesson 14) is でんきを つけます. Also "arrive" (lesson 25), written 着きます.
kiemasu (a light, a fire) go off, go outでんきが きえます; けします (lesson 14) is でんきを けします.
kowaremasu break, stop workingいすが こわれて います (the chair is broken).
waremasu (glass, a plate) break, crack
yaburemasu (paper, a bag) tear
yogoremasu get dirtyシャツが よごれて います (the shirt is dirty).
tomarimasu stop, come to a stopくるまが とまりました (the car stopped). Also "stay at a hotel" (lesson 19), written 泊まります.
kakarimasu (a key, a lock) be lockedかぎが かかって います (it's locked). Also "take (time or money)" (lesson 11).
machigaemasu make a mistake, get wrong
otoshimasu drop, loseA group I verb: おとす, おとさない, おとした.

Places and things

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
keeki cake
sara plate, dish
chawan rice bowl
koppu glass, cup (for drinking)
garasu glass (the material)
fukuro bag (paper, plastic)
shorui papers, documents
kouban police box
wasuremono something left behindわすれものを します (leave something behind).
henji answer, reply

Phrases and other words

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
sakki a moment ago, just now
tashika if I remember rightly, I'm fairly sure
osakini douzo After you. Go ahead.

Example sentences

  • Mado ga aite imasu. The window is open.
  • Kono mise wa kyou shimatte imasu. This shop is closed today.
  • Kaigishitsu no denki ga tsuite imasu. The meeting room light is on.
  • Heya no denki ga kiete imasu. The light in the room is off.
  • Kono isu wa kowarete imasu. This chair is broken.
  • Koppu ga warete imasu. The glass is cracked.
  • Fukuro ga yaburete imasu. The bag is torn.
  • Shatsu ga yogorete imasu. Your shirt is dirty.
  • Eki no mae ni kuruma ga tomatte imasu. There's a car stopped in front of the station.
  • Doa ni kagi ga kakatte imasu. The door is locked.
  • Kaban ni shorui ga haitte imasu. There are some papers in the bag.
  • Mado o akemasu. Mado ga akimasu. I open the window. The window opens.
  • Densha ni kasa o wasurete shimaimashita. I've gone and left my umbrella on the train.
  • Dokoka de saifu o otoshite shimaimashita. I've dropped my wallet somewhere.
  • Densha o machigaete shimaimashita. I got on the wrong train.
  • Sara ga warete shimaimashita. The plate broke, I'm afraid.
  • Shukudai wa mou yatte shimaimashita. I've already done all my homework.
  • Keeki o zenbu tabete shimaimashita. I ate the whole cake.
  • Bangohan made ni shukudai o shite shimaimasu. I'll get my homework finished before dinner.
  • Sumimasen. Wasuremono o shite shimatta ndesu. Excuse me. I've left something behind.
  • Doko ni wasureta ndesuka. Where did you leave it?
  • Sakki no densha desu. On the train that just left.
  • Tashika midori no kasa desu. It's a green umbrella, if I remember rightly.
  • Kouban de michi o kikimashita. I asked the way at the police box.
  • Mada meeru no henji ga kimasen. I haven't had a reply to my email yet.
  • Chawan ni gohan o irete kudasai. Please put some rice in the bowl.
  • Garasu ga warete iru kara, ki o tsukete kudasai. The glass is broken, so be careful.
  • Osakini douzo. After you.
  • Pasokon ga kowarete, meeru ga kakemasen. My computer's broken, so I can't write emails.

Conversations to practise

In the app you play one of the speakers and choose what to say, line by line, with natural Japanese voices.

  • I've left something behindYou've left your bag on a train. You go to the station office.
  • Is the meeting room ready?Ms. Sato asks you to check the meeting room before a meeting.
  • I'm so sorryYou're helping clear up after a party at Mr. Yamada's house, and something slips.

Practise lesson 29

Flashcards, spelling with kana tiles, sentence building and conversations. Free to start: lessons 1 and 2 need no sign-up, 3 to 5 a free account, and lesson 6 onwards Premium.

Start lesson 29