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Minna no Nihongo, lesson 30

Lesson 30:

Lesson 30 of Minna no Nihongo, “It's been put up: 〜て あります, and doing it beforehand: 〜て おきます”, teaches 6 grammar patterns, including , , , and 29 words. Here is every word with romaji and English, the grammar explained with examples, and 29 example sentences.

Updated

Grammar

It's been put there

With a verb of doing something to a thing (はります, かけます, ならべます), 〜て あります says that someone has done it and it's still that way, usually on purpose: かべに ポスターが はって あります (a poster has been put up on the wall). What was done takes が. Compare 〜て います with verbs of things that happen by themselves: まどが あいて います (the window is open), まどが あけて あります (someone has opened it).

  • Kabe ni posutaa ga hatte arimasu. There's a poster up on the wall.
  • Karendaa ni yotei ga kaite arimasu. The plans are written on the calendar.
  • Mado ga akete arimasu. Mado ga aite imasu. Someone has opened the window. The window is open.

Doing it beforehand

〜て おきます is doing something now, ready for later: りょこうの まえに きっぷを かって おきます (I'll buy the tickets before the trip). The plain form is 〜て おく, and 〜て おかないと means "I must do it beforehand".

  • Ryokou no mae ni kippu o katte okimasu. I'll buy the tickets before the trip.
  • Hoteru o yoyakushite okimashita. I've booked the hotel in advance.
  • Hijoubukuro o tsukutte okanaito. I must get an emergency bag ready.

Leaving it, putting it back

〜て おきます also means leaving something in a state, or putting it back after use: まどを あけて おいて ください (leave the window open), もとの ところに もどして おいて ください (put it back where it was). そのままに して おいて ください is "please leave it as it is".

  • Atsui desu kara, mado o akete oite kudasai. It's hot, so please leave the window open.
  • Tsukattara, motono tokoro ni modoshite oite kudasai. When you've used it, please put it back where it was.
  • Sono mado wa sonomamani shite oite kudasai. Please leave that window as it is.

Where has it been put?

When you're talking about one particular thing, it takes は and the place comes after: かぎは ひきだしに いれて あります (the key has been put in the drawer). It answers "where is it?".

  • Kagi wa hikidashi ni irete arimasu. The key has been put in the drawer.
  • Genkan ni kagami ga kakete arimasu. There's a mirror hanging in the entrance hall.
  • Teeburu no ue ni hana ga kazatte arimasu. There are flowers on display on the table.

Still

まだ with 〜て います means "still": まだ あめが ふって います (it's still raining). With a negative it's "not yet": まだ たべて いません (I haven't eaten yet).

  • Mada ame ga futte imasu. It's still raining.
  • Bangohan o mou tabemashita ka. Have you had dinner yet?
  • Iie, mada tabete imasen. No, not yet.

Middle, corner, around

Like うえ and なか, these follow a noun with の: こうえんの まんなか (the middle of the park), へやの すみ (the corner of the room), いけの まわり (around the pond).

  • Kouen no mannaka ni ike ga arimasu. There's a pond in the middle of the park.
  • Heya no sumi ni hondana ga arimasu. There's a bookshelf in the corner of the room.
  • Ike no mawari ni hana ga Taku-san arimasu. There are lots of flowers around the pond.

Vocabulary: 29 words

Verbs

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
harimasu stick, put up (a poster)かべに ポスターを はります. Plain forms: はる, はらない, はった.
kakemasu hang (on a wall, a hook)かべに かがみを かけます. Also "make a phone call" (lesson 7) and "put on glasses" (lesson 22).
kazarimasu decorate, put on display
narabemasu line up, set outテーブルに コップを ならべます (set out the glasses on the table).
uemasu plant
modoshimasu put back, return (to its place)A group I verb: もどす, もどさない, もどした.
katazukemasu tidy up, put away
kimemasu decide
yoshuushimasu prepare for a lesson
fukushuushimasu revise, go over (a lesson)
sonomamani shimasu leave (something) as it isUsually with 〜て おきます: そのままに して おいて ください (please leave it as it is).

Places and things

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
jugyou class, lesson
yotei plan, schedule
posutaa poster
karendaa calendar
gomibako rubbish bin
ningyou doll
kabin vase
kagami mirror
hikidashi drawer
genkan entrance hall, front doorWhere you take your shoes off in a Japanese home.
kabe wall
ike pond
mannaka the middle, the centre
sumi corner (inside a room)かど (lesson 23) is a corner outside, where two roads meet.
hijoubukuro emergency bagMany Japanese homes keep one ready for earthquakes: water, food, a torch, a radio.
kaichuudentou torch, flashlight

Phrases and other words

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
motono tokoro where it was, its usual place
mawari around, the area aroundいけの まわり (around the pond).

Example sentences

  • Kabe ni posutaa ga hatte arimasu. There's a poster up on the wall.
  • Genkan ni kagami ga kakete arimasu. There's a mirror hanging in the entrance hall.
  • Teeburu no ue ni hana ga kazatte arimasu. There are flowers on display on the table.
  • Kaigishitsu ni isu ga narabete arimasu. The chairs have been set out in the meeting room.
  • Karendaa ni yotei ga kaite arimasu. The plans are written on the calendar.
  • Kagi wa hikidashi ni irete arimasu. The key has been put in the drawer.
  • Mado ga akete arimasu. Mado ga aite imasu. Someone has opened the window. The window is open.
  • Ryokou no mae ni kippu o katte okimasu. I'll buy the tickets before the trip.
  • Hoteru o yoyakushite okimashita. I've booked the hotel in advance.
  • Jugyou no mae ni yoshuushite okimasu. I prepare before each class.
  • Uchi e kaettara, fukushuushite kudasai. When you get home, please go over the lesson.
  • Paatii no mae ni heya o katazukete okimasu. I'll tidy the room before the party.
  • Sono mado wa sonomamani shite oite kudasai. Please leave that window as it is.
  • Tsukattara, motono tokoro ni modoshite oite kudasai. When you've used it, please put it back where it was.
  • Atsui desu kara, mado o akete oite kudasai. It's hot, so please leave the window open.
  • Hijoubukuro o tsukutte okanaito. I must get an emergency bag ready.
  • Mada ame ga futte imasu. It's still raining.
  • Bangohan o mou tabemashita ka. Have you had dinner yet?
  • Iie, mada tabete imasen. No, not yet.
  • Eki no kabe ni posutaa o harimashita. I put a poster up on the station wall.
  • Niwa ni hana o uemashita. I planted flowers in the garden.
  • Natsuyasumi no yotei o kimemashita. I've decided on my summer holiday plans.
  • Gomi wa gomibako ni sutete kudasai. Please put rubbish in the bin.
  • Mado no chikaku ni ningyou ga kazatte arimasu. There's a doll on display by the window.
  • Kabin ni hana o irete kudasai. Please put the flowers in the vase.
  • Kouen no mannaka ni ike ga arimasu. There's a pond in the middle of the park.
  • Ike no mawari ni hana ga Taku-san arimasu. There are lots of flowers around the pond.
  • Heya no sumi ni hondana ga arimasu. There's a bookshelf in the corner of the room.
  • Hijoubukuro ni mizu to kaichuudentou o irete okimasu. I keep water and a torch in my emergency bag.

Conversations to practise

In the app you play one of the speakers and choose what to say, line by line, with natural Japanese voices.

  • An emergency bagYour neighbour, Ms. Ito, asks whether you're ready for an earthquake.
  • Where's the key?You're looking after Mr. Matsumoto's office while he's away. He phones you.
  • Getting ready for a tripYou're going to Kyoto with Karina next week. She asks how the plans are going.

Practise lesson 30

Flashcards, spelling with kana tiles, sentence building and conversations. Free to start: lessons 1 and 2 need no sign-up, 3 to 5 a free account, and lesson 6 onwards Premium.

Start lesson 30